Genetic 342 A&B Kenneth G Wilson Professory of Botany

Sequencing DNA: Principle Create a nested sequence of fragments that can be seperated using gel electrophoresis to determine the sequence of nucleotides.

• Maxim and Gilbert degradation techniques using mutagens.
• Seperate on gels
• Reconstructing the sequence from the nested fragments
• A real autoradiograph.
• Sanger creates a nested set of fragments using dideoxy nucleotide phosphates.
• Using DNA replicating enzymes anComd dideoxy nucleotides we can get a nice series of nested fragments.
• A real Sanger dideoxy autoradiograph.
• Automated Sequencer Printout.
• Why are fluorescing dyes important to this process?
  • Dual labeling experiments - what does this mean to you.
• Computer scanning for ORFs(open reading frames)
• Archibald Garrod - 1902 -
• Reverse Genetics Basic Element

This is our friend Oliver the parrotlet, Oliver is a true parrot, the smallest in the world.