MUHES HERBACEOUS COMPONENT OF MU DENDROLOGY EXPERT SYSTEM Created by Eva Maria Hager CXAttdataJuice NOT milky  Juice milky Spines or Thorns absent /Spine-like structures on flowers or fruits only %Flowers axillaryOLocated in the axil (longitudinal intersecton of a stem and another stem/leaf).Spines on stems  Not aromatic Aromatic Annual kA plant which germinates from seed, flowers, sets seed and fies in the same year, or in one growing season.Biennial A plant which lives two years (or two growing seasons), usually forming a basal rosette of leaves the first year and flowers and fruits the second year. Perrenial Vertical, not declining or spreading, in a column-shaped form.Erect, spherical (bushy) 6Vertical, not declining or spreading in a bushy habit. Climbing vine RGrowing more or less erect by leaning or twining on another structure for support. < 1 cm (.40 inch)  1-5 cm (.40-2.0 inches)  5-10 cm (2.0-4.0 inches)  1-2 dm (4.0-8.0 inches)  2-4 dm (8.0-16.0 inches)  4-6 dm (1.3-2.0 feet)  6-8 dm (2.0-2.6 feet)  8-10 dm (2.6-3.3 feet)  1-1.5 meters (3.3-5.0 feet)  1.5-2.0 meters (5.0-6.6 feet)  2.0-2.5 meters (6.6-8.3 feet)  2.5-5.0 meters (8.3-16.6 feet)  Not wind disseminated  Fruit or seed wind borne  "Entire plant mobilized- tumbleweed Aquatic Living in water. Semi-aquatic Living partly in water.Seasonally saturated )Moisture levels are temporally dependent.Mesic Growing in a moist environment.Arid Growing in an especially dry, hot environment. Usually indicative of a non-native plant. In this case meaning growing in a generally dry environment.Absent Present  Pink to red  Red-orange Orange  Yellow-orange Yellow  Yellow-green Green Blue  Blue-purple Purple  Red-purple White  Brown/Black  Multi-colored Toothed4Tip of the sepal has numerous teeth or indentations.Racemes Flowers with individual elongated pedicels are borne on an unbranched, indeterminate main axis. The flowers bloom from the bottom upwards. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.Spikes Groups of sessile flowers are borne on an unbranched, indeterminate elongated axis. The flowers bloom from the bottom upwards. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.>BlackCompound umbel 8Umbel with umbellate clusters instead of single flowers.Corymb QFlowers with individual elongated pedicels are borne on a flat-topped or convex, unbranched, indeterminate main axis. The flowers on the lower or outer portions of the inflorescence have the longest pedicels and open first. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.Cyme (simple or branched) Flowers are borne in a broad, more or less flat-topped, determinate cluster, in which the central flowers open first. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.Head Many sessile or nearly sessile flowers are densely pack on an enlarged compund receptacle. May be determinate or indeterminate. Typically the centrally located disk flowers are actinomorphic and the peripherally located ray flowers are zygomorphic. Often the entire inflorescence is mistaken for one large flower. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.>GreenPanicle Flowers with individual elongated pedicels are borne on secondary branches connected to a branched, indeterminate main axis. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.Scorpiod /A cyme-like inflorescence with a zigzag rachis. Simple umbel iFlowers are borne on pedicels that all arise from the apex or central point of the peduncle or main axis. May be determinate or indeterminate with a flat-topped or convex shape. May be compound via development of more than one levels of branching. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.Solitary Flowers are borne singly or alone. Individual flowers can be found in a terminal position at the end of branches or in a lateral position in the axils of leaves. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types.>Red@1 celled@2 celled0 3 4 5 6 7 10 >10 Completely free to base !United at base only (<25% length) United from 25%-75% length United >75% of length Bilobed Divided into two lobes.Erose An irregularly toothed margin.Pointed (Sides decreasing at an angle to a point.Rounded Petal apex is entire.Square &Apex blunted in the shape of a square.Toothed 4Tip of the petal has numerous teeth or indentations.Flowers regular (actinomorphic) Flowers which are radially symmetical, that is, you can draw more than one line of symmetry through the flower to obtain identical halves that form mirror images of one another.>BrownFlowers irregular (zygomorphic) Flowers which are bilaterally symmetical, that is, you can draw only one line of symmetry through the flower to obtain identical halves that form mirror images of one another. Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined < 1 mm (<.04 inch) 1 mm (.04 inch) 2 mm (.08 inch) 3 mm (.12 inch) 4 mm (.16 inch) 5 mm (.20 inch) 6 mm (.24 inch) 7 mm (.28 inch) 8 mm (.32 inch) 9 mm (.36 inch) 1.0 cm (.4 inch) 1.5 cm (.6 inch) 2.0 cm (.8 inch) 2.5 cm (1.0 inch) 3.0 cm (1.2 inches) 3.5 cm (1.4 inches) 4.0 cm (1.6 inches) 4.5 cm (1.8 inches) 5 cm (2.0 inches) >5.0 cm (>2.0 inches) < 1 mm (<.04 inch) 1 mm (.04 inch) 2 mm (.08 inch) 3 mm (.12 inch) 4 mm (.16 inch) 5 mm (.20 inch) 6 mm (.24 inch) 7 mm (.28 inch) 8 mm (.32 inch) 9 mm (.36 inch) 1.0 cm (.4 inch) 1.5 cm (.6 inch) 2.0 cm (.8 inch) 2.5 cm (1.0 inch) 3.0 cm (1.2 inches) 3.5 cm (1.4 inches) 4.0 cm (1.6 inches) 4.5 cm (1.8 inches) 5.0 cm (2.0 inches) > 5.0 cm (>2.0 inches) 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 > 10 Completely free to base United at base < 25% length United from 25%-75% length United > 75% of length Pointed (Sides decreasing at an angle to a point.Rounded Sepal apex is entire. Spine-like ;Apex of the sepal comes to a long thin point, like a spine.Square &Apex blunted in the shape of a square. Unisexual (monoecious/dioecious) In monoecious species, all flowers on one plant are unisexual (imperfect) but the same plant bears both male and female flowers. In dioecious species, there are seperate male and female plants. Therefore, the flowers are unisexual, either male or female.Bisexual (perfect) RFlowers are bisexual. They have both the male (stamen) and female (pistil) parts. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6-9 10 >10  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Undefined 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >10 Stamens NOT attached to corolla Stamens attached to corolla Filaments or anthers NOT united Filaments united, monadelphous HStamens united by the filaments and forming a tube around the gynoecium.Filaments united, diadelphous @Stamens united into two, often unequal, sets by their filaments.Anthers united, syngynoesious $Stamens are united by their anthers. Undefined  Undefined  Undefined  Carpels united (or one)  Undefined !0 !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6-9 !10 !>10 ! Undefined "Superior (hypogynous) tThis is a superior ovary, because the ovary is above (higher than) the place of insertion of the other flower parts."Halfway (perigynous) 9Outer floral parts are attached to a floral tube, or a hypanthium, and not directly to the receptacle. The ovary is inserted below (inferior position) relative to position of insertion of rest of floral parts because of the hypanthium. The hypanthium shape may resemble a tube, a flat disk, a bowl, or a flask."Inferior (epigynous) The point of insertion of the outer floral parts is not at the receptacle, but on or above the ovary wall. This positions the ovary in an inferior position below the place of insertion of the other floral parts." Undefined #Achene A fruit derived from a single pistil consisting of a dry indehiscent exocarp and spongy meso- and endocarp that is unattached to a single seed with a relatively soft seed coat. Common examples include sunflower and dandilion "seed". #Berry A fruit that develops from an ovary containing one to several carpels consisting of a skin like exocarp and a fleshy, juicy meso- and endocarp containing seeds with hard seed coats. Common examples include grapes, persimmon, tomatoes, and pawpaws.@3 celled@ >3 celled#Capsule A fruit derived from a single compound pistil composed of a semi-fleshy or leathery exo-, meso-, and endocarp enclosing multiple seeds that are released when the fruit dries and splits (dehisces) along three or more sides (suture) or circular openings (pores). $>1.0 dm (4.0 inches)$ Undefined% Undefined#Legume "An elongated fruit derived from a single simple pistil composed of a semi-fleshy or leathery exo-, meso-, and endocarp enclosing multiple linearly arranged seeds that are released when the fruit dries and splits (dehisces) along two sides (sutures). Common examples include peas and beans.# Nutlets, 4 &A small, hard, dry, indehiscent fruit.# Schizocarp TA dry, indehiscent frout which splits into separate one-seeded segments at maturity.0 BipinnatifiedTwice pinnatified.#Utricle IA small, thin-walled, one- seeded, more ore less bladdery-inflated fruit.# Undefined $< 1 mm (.04 inch) $1-1.9 mm (.04 inch) $2-2.9 mm (.08 inch) $3-3.9 mm (.12 inch) $4-4.9 mm (.16 inch) $5-5.9 mm (.20 inch) $6-6.9 mm (.24 inch) $7-7.9 mm (.28 inch) $8-8.9 mm (.32 inch) $9-9.9 mm (.36 inch) $1-1.4 cm (.4 inch) $1.5-1.9 cm (.6 inch) $2-2.4 cm (.8 inch) $2.5-2.9 cm (1.0 inch) $3-3.4 cm (1.2 inches) $3.5-3.9 cm (1.4 inches) $4-4.4 cm (1.6 inches) $4.5-4.9 cm (1.8 inches) $5-5.9 cm (2.0 inches) $6-6.9 cm (2.4 inches) $7-7.9 cm (2.8 inches) $8-8.9 cm (3.2 inches) $9-9.9 cm (3.6 inches) $1.0 dm (4.0 inches) 4Finely dissected)Deeply divided into many narrow segments.&< 1 mm (<.04 inch) &1-1.9 mm (.04 inch) &2-2.9 mm (.08 inch) &3-3.9 mm (.12 inch) &4-4.9 mm (.16 inch) &5-5.9 mm (.20 inch) &6-6.9 mm (.24 inch) &7-7.9 mm (.28 inch) &8-8.9 mm (.32 inch) &9-9.9 mm (.36 inch) &1-1.4 cm (.4 inch) &1.5-1.9 cm (.6 inch) &2-2.4 cm (.8 inch) &2.5-2.9 cm (1.0 inch) &3.0-3.5 cm (1.2 inches) 'Fruit or seed NOT bur-like 'Fruit or seed bur-like ' Undefined & Undefined ( All basal ,All leaves arise from the base of the plant.( Alternate rThere is only one leaf at each node. Leaves at sequential nodes are rotated 137 degrees relative to one another.(Alternate below, opposite above VThe lower leaves are not across from each other on the stem, but the upper leaves are.(Opposite Two leaves are attached directly across from one another at each node on the stem. Pairs of leaves associated with successive nodes are typically rotated 90 degrees relative to one another. (Opposite below, alternate above [The lower leaves are oriented across from each other on the stem, the upper leaves are not.(Whorled, 3 per node Three leaves are attached to the node region of the stem. Leaves are equally spaced around the perimeter of the stem at each node. Groups of leaves associated with successive nodes along the stem typically occur in between one another, but in some species may be superimposed.(Whorled, 5-8 per node Five to eight leaves are attached to the node region of the stem. Leaves are equally spaced around the perimeter of the stem at each node. Groups of leaves associated with successive nodes along the stem typically occur in between one another, but in some species may be superimposed.(Whorled, >8 per node More than eight leaves are attached to the node region of the stem. Leaves are equally spaced around the perimeter of the stem at each node. Groups of leaves associated with successive nodes along the stem typically occur in between one another, but in some species may be superimposed.( Undefined )"Compound even pinnate < 9 leaflets *The leaf is subdivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. All of the leaflets are paired. There is no terminal leaflet. The total number of leaflets is even.)"Compound even pinnate > 9 leaflets +The leaf is subdivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. All of the leaflets are paired. There is no terminal leaflet. The total number of leaflets is even.)!Compound odd pinnate < 8 leaflets +The leaf is subdivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. There is one terminal, unpaired leaflet at the end of the leaf. The total number of leaflets is odd.)!Compound odd pinnate > 8 leaflets *The leaf is subdivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. There is one terminal, unpaired leaflet at the end of the leaf. The total number of leaflets is odd.)Palmately dissected xThe leaflets radiate outward from one point of attachment on the petiole, like your fingers radiate out from your palm.Spurs pointed (divergent)Spurs are hollow, slender, sac-like appendages of a petal or sepal, or of the calyx or corolla. The ends come to a point and are arranged diverging from one another.)Simple (including lobed leaves) UA simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. There are no leaflets.) Trifoliate  Having three leaflets.) Undefined *Foliaceous < 2 mm (<.08 inch) * Foliaceous 2-4 mm (.08-.16 inch) *!Foliaceous 4-10 mm (.16-.40 inch) *Foliaceous > 10 mm (>.40 inch) *Lacking No stipules present.*Membranous, entire 8Thin, flexible, like a membrane with a continous margin.*Membranous, laciniate =Thin, flexible, like a membrane with narrow, irregular lobes.*Scarious 6Thin and membranous in texture, but dry and not green.* Undefined +Absent +Present + Undefined ,Arcuate /The veins are curved into and arch, like a bow.,Palmate In the palmate pattern there are three or more main veins that radiate out from the base of the leaf lamina at the petiole connection. This pattern resembles fingers radiating from your palm. Less prominent secondary veins branch off from the main veins..,Parallel ;The main veins are parallel to the lead axis or each other.,Pinnate In the pinnate vein pattern there is one central midrib vein running the length of the leaf with numerous secondary veins branching off of the midrib to form a feather shaped pattern ., Undefined -Petiole absent (leaf sessile) -Petiole < 25% total length -Petiole 25%-75% total length -Petiole > 75% total length - Undefined .< 5 mm (<.20 inch) .5-10 mm (.20-.40 inch) .1-2 cm (.40-.80 inch) .2-4 cm (.80-1.6 inches) .4-10 cm (1.6-4.0 inches) .1-2 dm (4.0-8.0 inches) .2-4 dm (8.0-16.0 inches) .4-6 dm (1.3-2.0 feet) .>6 dm (>2.0 feet) . Undefined /< 1 mm (.04 inch) /1-5 mm (.04-.20 inch) /5-10 mm (.20-.40 inch) /1-2 cm (.40-.80 inch) /2-4 cm (.8-1.6 inches) /4-10 cm (1.6-4.0 inches) /1-2 dm (4.0-8.0 inches) /2-4 dm (8.0-16 inches /4-6 dm (1.3-2.0 feet) />6 dm (>2.0 feet) / Undefined 0Cordate (heart) Having a heart-shaped leaf.0Deltoid (triangular) Having a delta-shaped or equiangular triangle-shaped leaf. Often the sides of the leaf lamina are a little curved toward the apex.0Elliptic Having a leaf lamina that looks like an ellipse that is twice as long as broad. The widest part of the leaf is near the middle. 0Hastate OArrowhead-shaped, but with the basal lobes turned outward rather than downward.0 Lanceolate qHaving a lance-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf near the base and the narrowest part near the apex. 0Linear or filiform Having a long and very narrow leaf shape with sides that are almost parallel with one another. Usually more than ten times longer than broad.0Lyrate cLyre-shaped; pinnatifid, with the terminal lobe large and rounded and the lower lobes much smaller.0 Oblanceolate Having a lance-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf near the apex and the narrowest part near the base. Inversely lanceolate.0Oblong dHaving a leaf blade that is much longer than wide with sides that are almost parallel to one another0Obovate lHaving an egg-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf above the middle toward the apex. Inverse ovate.0Orbicular (round) mHaving a more or less circular leaf shape in which the width and length of the lamina are equal or nearly so.0Oval Having a leaf lamina that is broadly elliptical with the width more than half the length. The widest part of the leaf is near the middle. Wider than elliptical.0Ovate ]Having an egg-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf below the middle toward the base. 0Palmately 3 lobed >(Three) lobed from a common point, like the fingers on a hand.0Palmately 4-5 lobed <(4-5) Lobed from a common point, like the fingers on a hand.0Palmately > 5 lobed ;(>5) Lobed from a common point, like the fingers on a hand.0Pinnately lobed &Lobes arranged oppositely on and axis.0Reniform (kidney) Having a kidney-shaped leaf.0 Runcinate 2 dm (>8.0 inches) 2 Undefined 3< 5 mm (<.20 inch) 35-10 mm (.20-.40 inch) 31-2 cm (.40-.80 inch) 32-4 cm (.80-1.6 inches) 34-10 cm (1.6-4.0 inches) 31-2 dm (4.0-8.0 inches) 3> 2 dm (>8.0 inches) 3 Undefined 4Elliptic Having a leaflet lamina that looks like an ellipse that is twice as long as broad. The widest part of the leaflet is near the middle.4 Lanceolate sHaving a lance-shaped leaflet with the widest part of the leaf near the base and the narrowest part near the apex. 4Linear or filiform 2Long and very narrow. Sides are almost parallel.4 Obcordate tInversely cordate, with the attachment at the narrower end; sometimes refers to any leaf with a deeply notched apex.4Oblong hHaving a leaflet blade that is much longer than wide with sides that are almost parallel to one another.4Obovate rHaving an egg-shaped leaflet with the widest part of the leaflet above the middle toward the apex. Inverse ovate.4Ovate cHaving an egg-shaped leaflet with the widest part of the leaflet below the middle toward the base. 4Palmately 4-5 lobed <(4-5) Lobed from a common point, like the fingers on a hand.4Palmately > 5 lobed ;(>5) Lobed from a common point, like the fingers on a hand.4 Undefined 5Ciliate With a fringe of hairs.5Crenate Having a margin with shallowly ascending round or obtuse teeth. Teeth cut less than one-eigth of the distance from the margin to the midrib of the leaf.5Dentate ^Having a margin with sharp teeth or indentions pointing outward at right angles to the midrib.5Entire BHaving a margin that is smooth, without indentations or incisions.5Lobed ZHaving a margin that is indented one-quarter to one-half of the distance to the midrib. 5Parted IDeeply cleft, usually more than half the distance to the base or midvein.5Serrate QHaving a saw-toothed margin with sharp teeth pointing forward or toward the apex.5Serrate, doubly ]Having a saw-toothed margin consisting of course teeth bearing minute teeth on their margins.5Undulate (sinuate, repand) Repand- having a margin that is slightly and irregularly wavy or undulating. Sinuate- Having a margin that is shallowly indented and strongly wavy in the horizontal plane.5 Undefined 6Acute (cuneate) rHaving a sharp-pointed base with an angle between 45 and 90 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiole. Cuneate- having a sharp-pointed base with an angle less than 45 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiole. Base is wedge-shaped or triangular. Tapers to a narrow base with narrow part at point of attachment of lamina with petiole.6 Attenuate $Tapering gradually to a narrow base.6 Auriculate "Having ear-like lobes at the base.6Clasping &Wholly or partly surrounding the stem.6Cordate Having a heart-shaped base (like a valentine). Both right and left margins curve down and back up to meet in the middle of the junctions between lamina and petiole.6Hastate OArrowhead-shaped, but with the basal lobes turned outward rather than downward.6Oblique With unequal sides, slanting.6 Perfoliate WThe leaf entirely surrounds the stem, so that the stem appears to pass though the leaf.6Rounded 9Having a base that is curved to form a full sweeping arc.6 Sagittate 9Arrowhead-shaped, with the basal lobes directed downward.6Truncate ~Having a base that looks like it was cut off at almost a right angle to the midrib forming a flat-topped or squared off shape.6 Undefined 7 Acuminate yHaving a long, slender, sharp point with a terminal angle less than 45 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex.7Acute uHaving a sharp-pointed tip with a terminal angle between 45 and 90 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex.7Aristate "With an awn or bristle at the tip.7 Mucronate YHaving a tip that is terminated by a short, sharp, abrupt, terminal point or bristle tip.7Notched (emarginate, retuse) hEmarginate- a shallow and broad notch at the apex. Retuse- a shallow notch in a rounded or obtuse apex.7Rounded (obtuse) Having a tip that is curved to form a full sweeping arc. Obtuse- A blunt or rounded tip, with the sides forming an angle of more than 90 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex.7Truncate }Having a tip that looks like it was cut off at almost a right angle to the midrib forming a flat-topped or squared off shape.7 Undefined 8Floccose (With tufts of long, soft, tangled hairs.8Glabrous :Surface is smooth with no hairs or glands. No pubescence.8 Glandular Surface has either unicellular or multicellular glandular hairs or trichomes. Use a hand lens to see these glandular hairs clearly. They typically consist of a round head component that is supported by a cylindrical stalk that projects the gland above the surface of the leaf.8Glaucous Surface is covered with waxy deposit that is usually white giving the leaf an overall bluegreen coloration. You can rub the wax off with your fingers revealing the greener lamina tissue that lies beneath.8Hirsute #Pubescent with coarse, stiff hairs.8Hispid Rough, with firm stiff hairs.8Lower leaf surface more hairy 8 Puberulent Surface has tiny hairs that are barely observable by the unaided eye. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. Minutely pubescent.8 Pubescent _Surface covered with short, soft trichomes of hairs. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly.8Punctate JDotted with pits or with translucent, sunken glands, or with colored dots.8Retrorsely pubescent ,Hairy, hairs directed downward, or backward.8Scabrous (like sand paper) vSurface is covered with short stiff hairs that make it rough to the touch. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly.8Scurfy (mealy) FCovered with small, branlike scales. Mealy- powdery, dry and crumbly.8 Sericeous :Silky, with long, soft, slender, somewhat appressed hairs.8Setose Covered with bristles.8Sparsely hairy 8Spiny or prickly 8Stellate (star shaped) Surface has star-shaped multicellular hairs or trichomes. Use a hand lens to see these hairs clearly. Multiple elongated head cells radiate in star-shaped clusters from a central point of attachment with the stalk cell that projects the trichome above the surface of the lamina.8Stinging hairs 8Strigose ,With straight, stiff, sharp appressed hairs.8 Tomentose lSurface is covered with dense, matted, woolly hairs or trichomes. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly.8Uncinate (hooked) Hooket at the tip.8Villous (silky) Surface covered with long, silky, fine, straight hairs or trichomes. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. Also spelled villose.8 Undefined 9 NOT succulent 9 Succulent 9 Undefined ; Hollow (flower stem at maturity) ;Oval ;Ridged ;Round ;Square ;Winged ; Undefined < Stem leafless <Stem leaves greatly reduced <Stem uniformly leafy < Undefined =Main stem unbranched =Main stem branched = Undefined ?Fibrous Fibrous roots are characterized by all of the branches of the root system having approximately equal thickness. Examples include the grasses and other monocots.? Rhizomatous *Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems.?Rooting at the nodes ?Roots can appear where a node comes into contact with the soil.? Stoloniferous Stolons are elongate, horizontal stems creeping along the ground and rooting at the nodes or at the tip. They give rize to new plants. Examples include strawberries and Ground Ivy.?Tap root LA root system with a main root axis and smaller branches, as in most dicots.?Tuberous oA tuber is ther thickened portion of a rhizome bearing nodes and buds, its main purpose is the storage of food.? Undefined  !Amaranthaceae (pigweed, amaranth)  Arenaria "Apiaceae (parsley, carrot, celery)  Asteraceae (sunflower, daisy)  Boraginaceae (borage)  Brassicaceae (mustard)  Caryophyllaceae (chickweed)  Chenopodiaceae (lambsquarters)  Arisaema Compositae (sunflower, daisy)  Asarum Asclepias Aster Barberea Boehmeria Euphorbiaceae (spurge)  Fabaceae (pea, bean, legume)  Geraniaceae (geranium)  Capsella Cardamine Lamiaceae (mint)  Leguminosae (pea, bean, legume)  Carex Cerastium Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel)  Chenopodium Plantaginaceae (plantain)  Polygonaceae (dock, knotweed)  Portulacaceae (purslane)  Rosaceae (rose)  Chionodoxa Scrophulariaceae (snapdragon)  Chrysanthemum Cichorium Umbelliferae (parsley, carrot)  Urticaceae (stinging nettle)  Claytonia Undefined  Ranunculaceae (buttercups)  Araceae (jack-in-the-pulpit)  Aristolochiaceae (wild ginger)  Asclepiadaceae (milkweed)  Cyperaceae (sedge)  Liliaceae (tulip, lilies)  !Fumariaceae (dutchman's britches)  Poaceae (crab grass)  Limnanthaceae (false mermaid)  Amaryllidaceae (snowdrops)  Hydrophyllaceae (waterleaf)  Balsaminaceae (touch-me-not)  Berberidaceae (twinleaf)  Campanulaceae (lobelia)  Molluginaceae (Indian chickweed)  Polemoniaceae (valerian)  Phytolaccaceae (pokeweed)  Papaveraceae (poppy)  Apocynaceae (periwinkle)  Violaceae (violet)  Conyza Crocus Cyperus Daucus Delphinium Dentaria Dicentra Digitaria Draba Duchesnia Erigenia Erigeron Erythronium Eupatorium Euphorbia Floerkia Fragaria Galanthus Geranium Geum Glechoma Helenium Helianthus Hepatica Holosteum Hyacinthus Hydrophyllum Impatiens Isopyrum Jeffersonia Lamium Laportea Lilium Lobelia Medicago Mentha Mertensia Mollugo Muscari Narcissus Ornithogallum Oxalis Panicum Phacelia Phlox Phytolacca Pilea Plantago Podophyllum  Polemonium Polygonatum Polygonum Portulaca Prunella Ranunculus Rudbeckia Sanguinaria Sanicula Scilla Senecio Setaria Silene Smilacina Solidago Stellaria Stylophorum Symplocarpus Taraxacum Thalictrum Thlaspi Trifolium Trillium Tulipa Uvulvaria Vernonia Veronica Vinca Viola8Notched?Having small or numerous indentations at the apex of the petal.4 OrbicularpHaving a more or less circular leaflet shape in which the width and length of the lamina are equal or nearly so.4Palmately 3-lobed>(Three) lobed from a common point, like the fingers on a hand. Enemion4 Obdeltoid0Deltoid, with the attachment at the pointed end.Spadix with SpatheFlowers are crowded on a fleshy stem called the spadix. The spadix is subtended by a large bract called the spathe. i.e.: Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Green Dragon9)Compound dissectedMThe leaves are finely subdivided. They may be described as lacy or fern-like.,Net"Venation in the form of a network.0Palmately 2 lobed<(Two) lobed from a common point, like the fingers on a hand.?CormBA short, solid, vertical underground stem with thin papery leaves.?Bulb?An underground bud with thickened fleshy scales, like an onion.#Pod:Any dry, dehiscent fruit, especially a legume or follicle.7Lobed 3/Having three lobes only at the tip of the leaf.)Pedately dissectedMPalmately divided or parted with the lateral segments two cleft or V-shaped. #SiliquegA dry, dehiscent fruit of the Brassicaceae, typically more than twice as long as wide, with two valves.; Triangular#SiliclefA dry, dehiscent fruit of the Brassicaceae, typically less than twice as long as wide with two valves.4OvalHaving a leaflet lamina that is broadly elliptical with the width more than half the length. The widest part of the leaflet is near the middle. Wider than elliptical.%Flowers terminalAt the apex of the stem.%Flowers internodalcBetween two nodes. (Nodes are the places on the stem where normally a leaf or leaves are attached.)%Flowers axillary and terminal6Located in both the axils and at the apex of the stem.5Notched%Series of indentations in the margin.BMarchBAprilBMayBJuneBJulyBAugustB SeptemberBOctoberBFebruaryCStem pubescentCStem crimson at maturity> Yellow Green> Blue BlackDigitatebCompound, with the parts arising together at the apex of the support like the fingers of the hand.>White>PinkDMonocotPlants usually with main leaf-veins parallel and perianth-parts in threes and sixes, always wiht scattered vascular bundles in the stem.DDicotPlants usually with net venation and perianth parts in fours or fives, always with a cylindrical arrangement of vascular tissue in the stem.CStem somewhat translucent( Leaves paired8ONLY a pair of leaves emerge from the base of the plant.C0Stem with vertical (white, green or red) stripesEMany-lobed, leaf-like*PresentC Stem glabrous4TripinnatifiedThrice pinnately cleft.0TripinnatifiedThrice pinnately cleft. Spurs roundedSpurs are hollow, slender, sac-like appendages of a petal or sepal, or of the calyx or corolla. The end of the spurs are semi-circular.A CoroniformCrown shaped. A CruciformCross shaped. A CalcarateSpurred.A ExplanateSpread out flat.A Campanulate Bell-shaped.ALabiateDLipped, with parts which are arranged like lips or shaped like lips.APapilionaceousiButterfly-like, as the irregular corolla of a pea, with a banner petal, two wing petals and a keel petal.ATubular"In the form of a tube or cylinder.ESubtend inflorescence0The bract or bracts are below the inflorescence.F0Inner pair of stamens longer than the outer pairF0Outer pair of stamens longer than the inner pairEInterspersed among flowers(The bracts are within the inflorescence.D UndefinedA UndefinedF UndefinedE Undefined> Undefined@ UndefinedC UndefinedB UndefinedA UrceolateGPitcher-like; hollow and contracted near the mouth like a flask or urn.A Disk flowers UA flattened enlargement of the receptacle of a flower or the head of tubular flowers.A Ray flowers5Usually marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla.FFour long, two shortFTwo long, two short4 TrifoliateWith three leaflets.4 Decompound4More than once compound, the leaflets again divided. CXMenudataMUHES  ?B GeneralqThese characteristics are usually evident on initial observation of your specimen and the biome where it resides.  DSpines or ThornsSpines are stiff, slender, sharp-pointed structures arising from below the epidermis. They are actually modified leaves or stipules. Thorns are stiff, woody, modified stems with a sharp point. Plants bearing such structures are said to be "armed."` Aromatic (vegetative structures)lCrush a part of the plant, preferably the leaves, gently between your fingers. Is there a distinctive smell?a Life CyclesThe life cycle of a plant is determined by the length of time the plant requires to grow, flower, set seed and die. bGrowth Habit (while flowering)DThis describes the general shape of the plant at its flowering time.cFlowersBMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. %AFEFruitFFruits develop from the ovaries of perfect or pistillate (female) imperfect flowers. If your unknown is fruiting then fruit characteristics can expedite identification. The fruit characteristics generally pertain to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. !">#@$&'LeavesLeaves can be very helpful in herb identification. Make sure you choose a leaf that is mature. Young leaves may not show all of the characteristics. Look at a range of leaves to assess the general leaf morphology of your specimen.()*+,-./0123456789StemlThe stem is the portion of the plant axis bearing nodes, leaves, and buds. It is usually found above ground.C;<=FamilyIf you are SURE that you know the family to which your specimen belongs, coding this feature can greatly expedite identification. Otherwise, let the expert engine identify the family, genus, and species, based on your empirical observations. ANOTHER USE OF THIS FEATURE IS FOR THE REVIEW AND/OR EXPLORATION OF PLANT FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS ! To accomplish this: 1. Select a Family you want to review/explore. 2. Decide what feature you want to review/explore and set those character states as being present. 3. You now have a species list that fits your review/explore criteria that you can further refine by reiteration of steps 2 and 3; and not a single tree has been sacrificed to give you this information, because its all digitally stored!*     GeneraIf you are SURE that you know the genus to which your specimen belongs, coding this feature can greatly expedite identification. Otherwise, let the expert engine identify the family, genus, and species, based on your empirical observations. ANOTHER USE OF THIS FEATURE IS FOR THE REVIEW AND/OR EXPLORATION OF PLANT GENERA CHARACTERISTICS ! To accomplish this: 1. Select a Genus you want to review/explore. 2. Decide what feature you want to review/explore and set those character states as being present. 3. You now have a species list that fits your review/explore criteria that you can further refine by reiteration of steps 2 and 3; and not a single tree has been sacrificed to give you this information, because its all digitally stored!d d !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_Plant Height at Maturity?This measures the height of the plant at the time of flowering.  dWind DisseminationExamine the seeds and/or fruit and determine how they might be disseminated. Is the seed small enough and shaped in a manner that might take advantage of wind distribution?!"#eMoisture RegimeuExamine the immediate environment surrounding your specimen and select the level of moisture it is likely to receive.$%&'(f ChlorophyllKChlorophyll is the green pigment of plants associated with photosynthesis. )*g Flower ColorKUSE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers.+,-./012345678hInflorescence TypeAn inflorescence/infructescence is the pattern of arrangement of the flowers/fruits on a floral axis. In species with imperfect (unisexual) flowers be sure to examine both the male and female inflorescence types. :;=>?@BCDEfiNumber of PetalsA petal is a segment of the corolla, or the inner whorl of the perianth. In lilies, the sepal and petals are not differentiated into calyx and corolla, rather, they are called tepals and should be considered petals in this context. IJKLMN`gOPjPetal SeparationThe petal is an individual segment or member of the corolla. It's separation should be determine by the careful removal of the structure. In this manner, it is possible to determine even those that are basally attached.QRSTk Petal TipmThe petal is an individual segment or member of the corolla. Describe the shape of the end of the structure. UVWaX%YZlFlower SymmetryIf a line is drawn from the tip of a petal, through the center of the flower (staying within one plane) and two identical halves result on either side of the line, a line of symmetry exists within the flower. Amazingly, many creations of nature have symmetry.[]^(Flower Length, Head length in CompositesMeasure the length of the corolla parallel to its pedicel. In Composites, this will usually include the involucre (whorl of bracts subtending the flower) that precedes the perianth.mnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~&Flower Width, Head width in CompositesMeasure the length of the corolla perpendicular to its pedicel. In Composites, this will include both ray and disk flowers (i.e. the head).Number of SepalsSepals are segments of the calyx, the outer whorl of the perianth. In lilies, the sepal and petals are not differentiated into calyx and corolla, rather, they are called tepals and should be considered petals in this context. Sepal SeparationSepals are segments of the calyx, the outer whorl of the perianth. Determine the degree to which the structures are fused together. Sepal TiprSepals are segments of the calyx, the outer whorl of the perianth. Describe the shape of the end of the structure.9 Flower SexSome flowers are small so you may need a hand lens or you may need to do some dissecting to determine which characteristics apply.Number of StylesPistils are the female parts of flowers. Pistils are typically flask shaped. The upper-most part (stigma) is where pollen lands. The elongated interconnecting tissue through which pollen tubes grow is called the style. The bulbous lower part (ovary) develops into the fruit, and encloses the ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization has occurred. A pistil may consist of a single carpel or it may consist of two or more fused carpels. A hand lens will facilitate your observations. Number of StamensStamens are the male parts of flowers. Stamens are usually subdivided into an bulbous ovular head (anther) attached to a long stalk (filament) near the middle of the flower. Pollen is released from the anther portion of the stamen. A hand lens will facilitate your observations. Stamens attached to the PetalsEObserve the corolla and the stamens. Are the two structures attached? Stamens Fused?Observe the staminal filaments and determine their attachment. Carpel separationkThe carpel is a simple pistil formed from one modified leaf. You may have to dissect to see this structure.Number of carpelsThe carpel is a simple pistil formed from one modified leaf, or that part of a compound pistil formed from one modified leaf. You may have to do some dissecting to see this structure. Ovary Position< Ovary position is determined by relative point of attachment of the ovary to the receptacle compared with the point of attachment of the outer floral part (stamens, petals, and/or sepals). Longitudinal dissections and observation with a hand lens is the best way to determine which state applies to your specimen. Fruit TypeHFruit types are classified on the basis of the number of pisils that form them. In addition, fruit type is determined by the structure and composition of three concentric layers of tissue comprising the fruit or fruitlet (in the case of compound fruits): The outermost exocarp, the middle mesocarp, and the inner endocarp. mrpFruit Length at Maturity=Fruit length pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. Fruit length is measured from the point of attachment of the fruit to the stem (peduncle) to its longest dimension which is typically parallel to the longitudinal axis of the peduncle.Flower PositionDThe inflorescense structures occur in different places on the stem. utvFruit Width at MaturityFruit width pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. Fruit width is measured at the widest part of the fruit that is perpendicular to the the longitudinal axis of the fruit and attaching stem (peduncle).      BursHA bur is a fruit armed with often hooked or barbed spines or appendages.Leaf arrangementLeaf arrangement pertains to the number of leaves attached to the node region of the stem and how these leaves are oriented relative to one another. Examine leaves at nodes located toward the base of first year stems, where internodes are longest.  Leaf typeLeaves are usually green, flattened structures that are formed at a node as a lateral outgrowth of a stem. Try to find an axillary bud at the base of a leaf petiole in the node region of the stem. This area signifies the end of the entire leaf in both simple and compound leaves. !"#h$o&'(StipuleshA stipule is a leafy appendage at the bottom of the petiole. They are sometimes minute and/or paired. )*+,-./01TendrilsGTendrils are slender, twining organs used to grasp suport for climbing.234 Leaf VenationVenation refers to the pattern of arrangement of the veins (vascular bundles) within the leaf blade. These patterns are readily visible on the under side of leaves or if you hold them leaf up to a light or the sun.5i6789Petiole (leaf stem) Blade ratioThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem.:;<=> Leaf Length (blade PLUS petiole)The blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where the petiole begins straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ?@ABCDEFGH Leaf Width{The blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the largest area of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). IJKLMNOPQRSLeaf shape (simple leaves only)yA simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. Determine the overall shape or geometry of the leaf blade.TUVWXYZ[\]^_`jabcdefgh Petiolule to leaflet blade ratioYThe petiolule is the stalk extending from the base of the leaflet lamina to the rachis. ijklLeaflet lengthyLength is measured from where the blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaflet, perpendicular to the width.mnopqrst Leaflet widthUWidth is measured at the largest (widest) area of the leaf, perpendicular to length.uvwxyz{| Leaflet shape5Determine the overall geometry of the leaflet lamina.}~ebscLeaf or leaflet margin*The margin is the side of the leaf lamina. wLeaf or leaflet blade baseWThe base of a leaf is the lower part of the leaf near where it attaches to the petiole. Leaf or leaflet apexFThe apex of a leaf or leaflet is the top half or the tip of the blade. nLeaf or leaflet blade surface Look at the surfaces of the leaf lamina. Gently rub the leaf between your fingers to determine the texture of the top of the leaf lamina. Visually observe the effects that rubbing has on the color of the lamina. Observations can be facilitated by using a hand lens. SucculencewA succulent plant's structures are very juice and fleshy. Examples include the stem of a cactus or the leaves of Aloe. Stem cross sectionA stem is the portion of the plant axis bearing nodes, leaves, and buds and usually found above ground. Cut a cross section of the stem and determine its shape or characteristics.q Flowering stem leaves:Describe the leaves on the stem bearing the inflorescence. Main stem branches-Determine if the main stem is divided or not.Fruit/Seed ColorqObserve the color of the fruit or seed. Include those colors even if the structure has not yet reached maturity. <AF\ Root and/or Vegetative Propagule lkCapsule divisions;Determine how many cells are contained in a single capsule.GHPerianth Forms Flowering Time+When have you found your species in flower? xyz{|}~ Distinguishing stem charactersA stem is the portion of the plant axis bearing nodes, leaves, and buds and usually found above ground. Observe this structure and determine if any of the characteristics apply.Class Floral bracts\A bract is a reduced leaf or leaf-like structure at the base of a flower or inflorescence.  Stamen LengthStamens are the male parts of flowers. Stamens are usually subdivided into an bulbous ovular head (anther) attached to a long stalk (filament) near the middle of the flower. Pollen is released from the anther portion of the stamen. Determine the relative lengths of the stamens. Milky JuiceFCrush a leaf or stem and determine the appearance of the fluid within._XID "Demoweed"wPlant Identification Terminology. 1994. James G. Harris, Melinda Woolf Harris. Spring Lake Publishing. Spring Lake, UT.jThe Illustrated Book of Wildflowers and Shrubs. 1993. Wm. Carey Grimm. Stackpole Books. Mechanicsburg, PA.XGray's Manual of Botany. 1950. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. Dioscorides Press. Portland, OR.YThe Odyssey Book of American Wildflowers. 1964. Rickett, H.W. The Odyssey Press. New YorkgFlora of West Virginia 2nd Ed.1978. Strausbaugh, P.D., Core, Earl L. Seneca Books, Inc. Grantsville, WV~Common Wild Flowers of the Northeastern United States.1979. Woodward, Carol H., Rickett Harold William. Barron's. Woodbury, NYeCommon Weeds of the United States. 1971. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Dover Publications Inc. New York.} CXItemname aster, calicoM Aster, linedaster, Lowrie's aster, New England vbellwortD black medic_Black-eyed susana bloodrootPblue phlox, wildFbluebell, Virginia+bonesetxbrook-pimpernel]buttercup, kidney-leafG carpetweed carrot, wild (Queen Anne's Lace)lcelandine poppy^celandine, lesserj chickweed8chickweed, jaggedchickweed, mouse-ear kchickweed, starchicoryRclearweed, gray/dwarf richweedq clover, redr clover, white`coneflower, tall copperleaf/ three-seeded mercury$ crab grass cress, bitterp cress, penny cress, purple cress, spring cress, wintercrocus!cut-leaved toothwortJdaffodil daisy, ox-eyen dandelion#Dutchman's britchesoearly meadow rue%Early Whitlow grass.eyebane/ false mermaid false nettle=false rue anemone)fawn lily, white*fawn lily, yellowf fire pink(fleabane, Philadelphia efoxtail, bristlygarlic mustard2geranium, wild ginger, wildglory of the snowigoldenrod, bushyhgoldenrod, tallHgrape hyacinth green dragon4 ground ivy'Harbinger of Spring heartleaf, Virginian?henbit@ henbit, red7hepatica, roundlobe; liverleaf Horseweed9hyacinthwironweed Jack-in-the-pulpitUJacob's ladderZknotweedlamb's quarters larkspur, dwarfBlilyClobelia, greatTmayappleO Miami mist milkweed, commonEmintN panic-grassy periwinkle}plantain, buckhornSplantain, Rugel'sIPoet's narcissusQpokeweed[purslane, common pussy toesragweed, commonragweed, greatdragwort rue anemonesandwort, thyme-leaved sedge\ self-healshepherd's pursem skunk cabbageXsmartweed, blumeYsmartweed, commonbsnake root, black,snakeroot, white5sneezeweed, common1 snowdropsgSolomon's seal, falseVSolomon's seal, hairy3 spring avensspring beauty, Virginia-spurge, toothedcsquill" squirrel cornKStar of Bethlehem&strawberry, Indian0strawberry, wild6 sunflower<touch-me-not, pale;touch-me-not, spottedstrillium, large floweredttrillium, sessileutulip>twinleafumbrella-sedgezviolet, meadow{violet, smooth yellow|violet, striped:waterleaf, VirginiaA wood nettleLwood sorrel, yellow} rhomboideapetiolata/officinalis artemisifoliatrifida thalictroidesspp. serpyllifolia atrorubens/triphyllum dracontium canadense virginicum syriacaM lanceolatus lateriflorus lowrieanus novae-angliaevulgaris cylindricabursa-pastorisbulbosa douglasiihirsutaspp.vulgatumalbumspp. leucanthemumintibus virginica canadensisspp.spp. (rivularis)carota tricorne!laciniata/concatenata" canadensis# cucullaria$ sanguinalis%verna&indica'bulbosa( philadephicus)albidium* americanum+ perfoliatum,rugosum-dentata.maculata/proserpinacoides0 virginiana1nivalis2 maculatum3vernum4 hederacea5 autumnale6spp.7 acutiloba8 umbellatum9 orientalis: virginianum;capensis<pallida= biternatum>diphylla? amplexicaule@ purpureumA canadensisBspp.C siphiliticaDlupulinaEspp.F virginicaG verticillataHspp.IpoeticusJpseudo-narcissusK umbellatumLstrictaNspp.OpurshiiP divericataQ americanaRpumila} lanceolataSrugeliiTpeltatumUreptansV pubescensX cespitosumYhydropiperoidesZ virginiana[oleracea\vulgaris] abortivus^ficaria_hirta` laciniataa canadensisbgregariacspp.dobovatusespp.f virginicagracemosah canadensisi graminifoliajmediakpuberal diphyllummfoetidusn officinaleodioicump perfoliatumqpratenserrepenss grandiflorumtsessileuspp.vspp.wspp.xanagallis-aquaticayminorz papilionacea{ pubescens|striata CXItemrec961595-62hbap.jpg709428-9108Vhaaa.jpg1469964965-6364W1469964-5368YShares close leaf resemblance to rue as well as meadow rue (Thalictrum). The involucre sits below the flower cluster, composed of two leaves (themselves subdivided) that lack a central petiole. This causes them to appear as six leaflets, each with a petiolule.65982388-972hhpcv.jpg8661093354-5138+ 559318-9UThese species go by various common names: pussy-toes, everlasting and lady's tobacco. They lack ray-flowers and staminate flowers, though they may have a style, are nonfunctional.1449960280Z618362-3120CgTryphyllum includes Atrorubens. The spathe inside is green with irregular purple-brown lines. Staminate and pistillate flowers are separate on the spadix; pistillate located around the base. Also known as Indian-turnip, the corm is edible, but without cooking the crystals of calcium oxalate can causing a severe burning sensation in the mouth and throat. haaa2.jpg35382-359204469The leaf segments of this herb can number up to fifteen. The spadix differs from Jack-in-the-pulpit by portruding far beyond the spathe.haad.jpg35383206464 The ovary is embedded in the tubular end of the flower stalk. The flower itself is globular and may be hard to find under the larger leaves.haac.jpg85563321-250<  evergreen564322-3L QThe fruits are thick, warty pods and the seeds are tipped with long, silky hairs.haas.jpg2151174192756-7190,2286 2871426946-7268 2921434952-3274 2911427948-9270  VAs is a characteristic of its family, flowers bear 6 stamens, four long and two short.hbbv.jpg116717434-5100190] hbcb.jpgX704424-5110198116721436-7104hbcd.jpg116721437-8104722437-8[ 29316892,4hccv.jpg626366-7118158F X594344-51325 $hccl.jpgX1517999-1000278388.The chicory flower has only ray-flowers. haci.jpgX32415471012-3294394@X400! v 23715396,8 hadc.jpgX1921104698-9136282G!hrdt.jpg102669397-8""hbdl.jpg115719435-6102k#pThe squirrel corn flower differs from that of Dutchman's britches by being heart-shaped without diverging spurs.hfdc.jpg112682416-7112&$Dutchman's britches bears flowers that look just like its name- the flowers are shaped like a pair of baggy pants. Note the diverging spurs which distinguish this plant from squirrel corn.112682416-7112% hpds.jpg19076-758(&699419-21106m'hrdi.jpg803492-384;(1921093686,90) To differentiate the fleabanes from the asters, note that the bracts around the flower head are in a single circle of the same length. Bracts are the reduced leaves or leaf-like structures at the base of a flower or inflorescence.hcep.jpg2961445234956-7276-*! hlea.jpg50436236-7.+! hlea2.jpg5043645236-74 ," Heads contain only disk flowers.2711368920,3284b-" Heads contain only disk flowers.1369920,5286406i.#967598-9)/#0The leaves of eyebane bear a red spot or macula.X970,2602-356250*0$976604-5n1%&A distinguishing character of the wild strawberry is how the achenes sink in small pits on the surface of the fruit. It is important to realize that the edible berry is, in fact, not a berry at all. The "berry" is the central part of the stem tip, the flower's receptacle, that has enlarged.hrfv.jpg132802122490,384d2&45333'hggm.jpg158947140584-5138,40g4(817496-782:5)hlgh.jpgX1224802-3232312c6*3161513996-7266o7+hahs.jpgX1487976260,6418?8,hrha.jpg660390-1729-629366-9A:. hlho.jpgz;/hhhv.jpg2241192640,3198q<0eThis Touch-me-not differs from the pale Touch-me-not in that its spurred sepal bends sharply forward.hbic.jpg991142622-3166p=0AThe showy sepal of this Touch-me-not bends down at a right angle.hbip.jpg991622-3166,>1hrib.jpg97666394-5u?2hbjd.jpg111673402-3=@3X1229806-7232314>A31229806-7232{B4 hulc.jpg558318-9HC5 464332342,8ID62631355227910-11246E7hfml.jpg895552-3160230MF8hlms.jpg1247824220 G92271206784-5196 H:608352-31508I; hlms2.jpg437238RJ<hanp.jpg453#K< hanp2.jpg453lL= 43736237-818|M>hoos.jpgX944137581-2130240 NN?1958072KO@2271194775-6PAhppd.jpg2201189769-70SQBhppa.jpg8960791352-354148RC 558318-9QTD hppr.jpg1315876-7280348JUEhbpp.jpg111673402-398DVF2201187767-8fWG hlpp.jpg54442244-510_XH!584334,752`YH!hpph.jpg586-7332,552122EZH!hppv.jpg8252T[IX608354-5138152\\Jhlpv.jpg2321225209804-5224316 ]Khrra.jpg94651382-362^K648380-160,74_Lharh.jpg3041484574-5264`L3041481973-4264aM"hpsc.jpg111679101412-374abN#hasg.jpg1089684-5134jcO 437XdPhcso.jpg3191534,61005-62561eQ225-69682-5/fRhcsv.jpg86634371-2egS hlsr.jpg439240-1127hT2841408940-12504306iT2841412-3941-2254430jUhcsm.jpgX622362-3120168kU8662299362-3120lV"hpsd.jpg680412-3^mWAlthough this plant is known for its bad smell, it is more often found by sight, being one of the spring's earliest flowers. The leaves are absent at flowering.35384206-744%nXhato.jpgX32415531016-7298438'oY10865883388-968pZhbtp.jpg701422-3110q[hftp.jpg145893134548-9158r[hftr.jpg145893548-9158rs\ hltg.jpg59446246-76st\ hlts.jpg60444246-7tu]  hlts2.jpg436v^ 428-9392284Bw_ havs.jpg2681359-60916288440-2 x`$hsva.jpg1284855,7236Oya% Evergreen.havm.jpg1168749-50188wzb&1033151648-9166,8x{b&1781040655-56172y|b'hvvs.jpg178 1041656-7172PSD hppl.jpgX1316876-7280346cAcalyphaAlliariaAmbrosia Anemonella Claytonia Boehmeria AntennariaArenariaArisaemaAsarum AsclepiasAsterBarbereaCapsella CardamineCarex Cerastium Chenopodium Chionodoxa Chrysanthemum CichoriumConyzaCrocusCyperusDaucus DelphiniumDentaria/CardamineDicentra DigitariaDraba DuchesniaErigeniaErigeron Erythronium Eupatorium EuphorbiaFloerkeaFragaria GalanthusGeraniumGeumGlechomaHelenium HelianthusHepatica Holosteum Hyacinthus Hydrophyllum ImpatiensIsopyrum/Enemion JeffersoniaLamiumLaporteaLiliumLobeliaMedicagoMentha MertensiaMollugoMuscari Narcissus OrnithogallumOxalisPanicumPhaceliaPhlox PhytolaccaPileaPlantago Podophyllum Polemonium Polygonatum Polygonum PortulacaPrunella Ranunculus Rudbeckia SanguinariaSaniculaScillaSenecioSetariaSilene SmilacinaSolidago Stellaria Stylophorum Symplocarpus Taraxacum ThalictrumThlaspi TrifoliumTrilliumTulipaUvulariaVernoniaVeronicaVincaViola( Euphorbiaceae Brassicaceae Asteraceae Ranunculaceae Portulacaceae CompositaeCaryophyllaceaeAraceaeAristolochiaceaeAsclepiadaceae Urticaceae CyperaceaeChenopodiaceae LiliaceaeApoaceae FumariaceaePoaceaeRosaceae LimnanthaceaeAmaryllidaceae Geraniaceae LamiaceaeHydrophyllaceae Balsaminaceae Berberidaceae CampanulaceaeFabaceae Boraginaceae Molluginaceae Oxalidaceae PolemoniaceaePhytolaccaceaePlantaginaceae Polygonaceae PapaveraceaeApiaceaeScrophulariaceae Apocynaceae Violaceae Violiaceae CXDatablock  @@1  @@b@ ?@0@ P  ! @ L)@@!x@ >@ @xD@  @B@@ @8@ @ @P@ @ @ @@!@ @@ @  ` @` @@!# D@@@@1C @   >@@ @1   P  @D0@@ 0 x @ 8@@iAP @8> H (@ "@ <P (@@$"@ @ (@D @ D@ 4`@ P > E@ xA@P @ 8\D@ A  @@ @%$`@ P@   0@ @% P@" PB   @  @@ @ 0 @E >  P :p@ DpF@D `A E@3 /` "(0p@ p @D(AV ~L%'r "(pp@ @x ` "(80@   @@$ A  0" ? 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