×w „銲+Common Angiosperm Trees in Ohio and Indiana1.01.0˙˙ Created by Justin Seibert and Mary Brown A database of common trees found around our local schools in Indiana and Ohio. Language altered for students ranging from 8th to 10th grade. Pictures modified to reflect language language alteration. ×˙˙ CXAttdata˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ 0.1 - 25cm The leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf. ATHELP71.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€>25cm The leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf. Athelp71.jpg€˙˙€ 0.1 - 10cm iThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf. ATHELP71.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€10.1 - 50.0 cm iThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf. ATHELP71.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€ 1.0 - 7.5 mm SBuds are at the very end of the twig. Measure from the tip of the bud to the twig. ATHELP34.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€>7.5mm SBuds are at the very end of the twig. Measure from the tip of the bud to the twig. ATHELP34.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€>5.0mm SBuds are at the very end of the twig. Measure from the tip of the bud to the twig. ATHELP34.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Anacardiaceae€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PCatalpa€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€$ Alternate IThere is only one leaf at each node. The leaves are arranged in 'steps' ATHELP29.jpg€$Opposite UTwo leaves are attached directly across from one another at each node on the twig. ATHELP29.jpg€$Whorled EMore than two leaves are attached to the node region of the twig. ATHELP29.jpg€%Simple ĘA simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. There are no leaflets (smaller leaves off of another 'stem'). Think of a maple leaf (Canadian flag) for a general idea of a simple leaf. ATHELP1.jpg€%Compound 6The leaf is sudivided into leaflets (smaller leaves). ATHELP1.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PEuonymus€P Forsythia€P Hamamelis€P Hydrangea€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Juglandaceae €OHamamelidaceae €O Bignoniaceae €&Long, Narrow and Slender ĽHaving a long and very narrow leaf shape with sides that are almost parallel with one another. Usually more than ten times longer than broad. Think blades of grass ATHELP9.jpg€&Broad šThese leaves are wider than they are slender. On some leaves it'll be touchy figuring out whether they are broad or narrow and they will be coded as both. ATHELP9.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€'Pinnate ¸In the pinnate vein pattern there is one central midrib vein running the length of the leaf with numerous secondary veins branching off of the midrib to form a feather shaped pattern . ATHELP2.jpg€'Palmate ÷In the palmate pattern there are three or more main veins that radiate out from the base of the leaf lamina at the petiole connection. If you hold out your hand and spread your fingers, this is a good way to think of palmate (palm of your hand). ATHELP2.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€(Pointy :Pointy means the tip comes to a sharp point, like a lance. ATHELP3.jpg€(Acute 8Acute means that it forms an angle less than 90 degrees. ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€(Obtuse 4Obtuse means it forms an angle more than 90 degrees. ATHELP3.jpg€(Rounded $Having a tip that is curved or round ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€*Entire Entire margins are smooth. ATHELP21.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€*Toothed Toothed margins are jagged. ATHELP22.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€*Pinnately Lobed _Lobed margins have indentations Pinnately lobed margins have indentations with pinnate veinns. ATHELP23.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€*Palmately Lobed \Lobed margins have indentations Palmately lobed leaves have indentations and palmate veins. ATHELP23.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€P Ligustrum€PLonicera€PViburnum€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Leguminosae€O Araliaceae€O Myricaceae€O Adoxaceae€O Staphyleaceae€˙˙€˙˙€.Round pWhen a leaf falls off of a tree, a scar remains at the node region on the twig. Round means the scar is circular ATHELP36.jpg€. Half Round …When a leaf falls off of a tree, a scar remains at the node region on the twig. Half round means it looks like a circle cut in half. ATHELP36.jpg€˙˙€.U or V Shaped ęWhen a leaf falls off of a tree, a scar remains at the node region on the twig. U scars will look like a letter U and V scars will look like a letter V. Sometimes it's hard to differentiate so they are both coded in the same category. ATHELP36.jpg€˙˙€."Encircling / enclosing lateral bud QWhen a leaf falls off of a tree, a scar remains at the node region on the twig. ATHELP36.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Elaeagnaceae€PCotinus€P Amelanchier€PHalesia€P Elaeagnus€PAlnus€PRhus€P Staphylea€PLindera€PMyrica€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€P Kalopanax€P Koelreuteria€O Sapindaceae€O Styracaceae€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PHedera€PParthenocissus€OVitaceae€O Berberidaceae€˙˙€5Smooth PTrunk bark has relatively smooth texture. Bark won't have many ridges or bumps. ATHELP15.jpg€˙˙€5Rough šTrunk bark is broken up into rough chunks. Bark may look cracked. This is probably the kind of bark you normally think about when you think about trees. ATHELP15.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€5Papery, Peeling dThis bark is usually pretty smooth and looks papery. This bark can also be peeling off of the tree. ATHELP15.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€H Cone Shaped `This will look like a cone or a pyramid. The leaves will be wider at bottom and narrower at top. crowns.jpg€˙˙€H Column Shaped iLeaves look like they are in a column. The width of the crown stays pretty much the same all the way up. crowns.jpg€˙˙€H Vase-shaped %This crown looks like a vase or a V. crowns.jpg€˙˙€HRound 'Leaves are arranged in a round manner. crowns.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€O Salicaceae €OUlmaceae €OOleaceae €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PBerberis€PAronia€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€OFabaceae €O Cornaceae €O Platanaceae €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Eucommiaceae €OScrophulariaceae €OCaesalpiniaceae €O Mimosaceae €ORutaceae €O Magnoliaceae €O Rhamnaceae €OCercidiphyllaceae €OHippocastanaceae €O Simaroubaceae €O Lauraceae €ORosaceae €O Annonaceae €O Tiliaceae €OMoraceae €PJuglans €O Ebennaceae €O Aquifoliaceae €O Betulaceae €PCarya €O Aceraceae €OFagaceae €PFagus €PQuercus €PUlmus €PFraxinus €PMagnolia €PPrunus €PMalus €P Crataegus €PAcer €PTilia €PAesculus €PCornus €O Celastraceae €OCaprifoliaceae €O Hydrangeaceae €˙˙€P Phellodendron €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PSyringa €P Chionanthus €˙˙€. Three Lobed ‰When a leaf falls off of a tree, a scar remains at the node region on the twig. These scars will have 3 distict marks at the single scar. ATHELP36.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€PAsimina €˙˙€PSalix €PBetula €˙˙€POstrya €˙˙€ 0.1 - 5.0mm SBuds are at the very end of the twig. Measure from the tip of the bud to the twig. ATHELP34.jpg€PIlex €PCarpinus €˙˙€PCorylus €˙˙€PPopulus €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PCeltis €PMaclura €P Liriodendron €PEucommia €PZelkova €P Gleditsia €PCercis €P Cladrastis €P Sassafras €PCercidiphyllum €PSorbus €P Gymnocladus €PAlbizzia €PRobinia €PSophora €PNyssa €P Liquidambar €˙˙€˙˙€PRhamnus €PCastanea €PMorus €PPyrus €P Diospyros €P Paulownia €P Plantanus €P Ailanthus d˙˙ CXMenudata˙˙$Angiosperm Trees in Ohio and Indiana athelp90.jpg[ !HOPق˙˙قLEAF BLADE LENGTHŽThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf ATHELP71.jpgقLEAF BLADE WIDTHiThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf. ATHELP71.jpgق˙˙ق BUD LENGTHSBuds are at the very end of the twig. Measure from the tip of the bud to the twig. ATHELP34.jpgق BUD WIDTHSBuds are at the very end of the twig. Measure from the tip of the bud to the twig. ATHELP34.jpgĄ!ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙قGENERAL LEAF CHARACTERISTICSčLeaves can be very helpful in tree identification. Make sure you choose a leaf that is mature. Young leaves may not show all of the characteristics. Look at a range of leaves to assess the general leaf morphology of your specimen.%$قTWIG CHARACTERISTICSTwig can help differentiate between trees. Make the observations below on a three year sequence of twig growth (we have discussed how to find this in class). athelp80.jpg.قTRUNK BARK CHARACTERISTICSŁExamine bark characteristics of both the oldest part of the trunk Since certain trees have specific types of bark, this can be very helpful when identifiying them.5ق˙˙ق˙˙قLEAF ARRANGEMENTŰLeaves are attached to the stem in three different positions. Opposite arrangement has two leaves at the same node. Alternate arrangement has one leaf per node and whorled arrangement has more than two leaves per node. ATHELP29.jpg‚ƒ„Ů‚LEAF COMPLEXITYëLeaves are usually green, flattened structures that grow out from the sides of the stem.The place where they grow is called a node. The petiole connects the flat bladeto the stem. There is a bud where the petiole attaches to the stem. ATHELP1.jpg…†Ů‚[SIMPLE LEAF SHAPEkDecide whether the leaf is broad like like when you spread your hand apart or narrow like blades of grass. ATHELPC2.jpgŹ­Ů‚[SIMPLE LEAF VENATIONńVeanation refers to the arrangement of veins in the leaf. Palmate means that the veins begin at one point and move outwrd, like your hand. Pinnate means that there is a main vien going up the leaf with smaller veins coming out at the sides. ATHELP2.jpgşťŮ‚[SIMPLE LEAF APEXTThe leaf apex is the tip of the leaf. Be sure you are looking at the top of the leaf ATHELP3.jpgžżÂĂق˙˙ق[SIMPLE LEAF MARGIN%The margin is the edge of the leaf. ATHELPC1.jpgĐŐŰŢق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق LEAF SCAR SHAPEGWhen a leaf falls off a tree, it leaves a scar below or around the bud. ATHELP36.jpgţ˙—ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق!TRUNK BARK TEXTUREiTrunk bark is the outer covering of the trunk of the tree. It can be very helpful when identifying trees. ATHELP15.jpg4>6ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق CROWN SHAPEPThe crown is the top of the tree containing branches, leaves, flowers and fruit. crowns.jpg\^`bق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙قFAMILIESăDon't worry too much about the families right now. The physical features of the tree will help above will help you identify the family that the tree is in. Note: The genera below are more specific members of a certain family.+OúZGřL2MŤ=^]BÂK;ÁPŞC_ŠE÷@>IůgĂAF?e%<Dű&Hf1قGENERAÔDon't worry too much about the genera right now. The physical features of the tree will help above will help you identify the genera that the tree is in. Note: Genus (singular of genera) is a branch of family. IY[ÖČŽš­ŁNĐgźĹ•Ă\ĽXÓżQTÁÇ‘/’˘J#$ńžĚň˝UWŃËŸÔ0aŐ§VŇRĎÉœÄĘĆ”ZSóŔق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙قIN DEPTH LEAF CHARACTERISTICS8Here we will explore the leaf in a little greater depth '(*&ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙&\The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees. 1983. Alfred A. Knopf. New York.\The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees. 1996. Alfred A. Knopf. New York.TEyewitness Handbooks Trees. 1992. Coombes A. J. Dorling Kindersley Limited. London.JThe Families of Flowering Plants. 1973. Hutchinson, J. Oxford Univ. PressFlora of Japan. Ohwi.IFlora of North America. 1997. Torrey and Gray., Oxford University Press.KFlora of the Northeast. 1999. Magee, D. W. Univ. Mass. Press. Amherst, MA>The Glory of the Tree. 1966. Boom, B. and Kleijn. Doubleday.[Gray's Manual of Botany. 1950. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. Dioscorides Press. Portland, OR.NHow To Identify Flowering Plant Families. 1982. Baumgardt, J. P. Timber PressWThe Illustrated Book of Trees. 1983. Grimm, W. C. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA.nThe Illustrated Flora of Illinois. 1980. Mohlenbrock, R. H. Southern Illinois Univ. Press. Carbondale, IL.^Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern U.S. and Adjacent Canada. Vol. 12. 1952. Gleason, H. A.cManual of Cultivated Broad Leaved Trees and Shrubs. 1984. Krussmann, G. Timber Press. Portland ORUManual of Cultivated Plants. 1949. Bailey, Liberty H. Macmillan Publ. Co. New York.MManual of the Trees of North America. 1905. Sargent, C. S., Dover Publ. NY.VManual of the Trees of North America. 1922. Sargent, C. S., Houghton Mifflin Co. NY.lManual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1968. Radford, A.E. Univ. N. Carolina Press. Chapel Hill. NC‡Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 1991. Gleason and Cronquist. New York Botanical Garden. NYbManual of Woody Landscape Plants. 1998. Dirr Michael A. Stipes Publishing L.L.C. Champaign, IL."Michigan Trees. Barnes and WagnerxThe New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern Unived States and Adjacent Canada. 1956. Gleason H. A.%North American Trees. Preston, R. J.Oxford Book of Trees.DOxford Encyclopedia of Trees of the World. 1981. Oxford Univ. Press+Peterson's Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs.^The Plants of Pennsylvania. 2000. Rhoads, A. F. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia, PA.@Pruning: A Practical Guide. 1993. McHay, P. Abbeville Press. NY&Shrubs of Indiana. 1932. Deam, C. C.WTaxonomy of Flowering Plants. 1967. Porter, C. L.. W.H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco.uTextbook of Dendrology. 1991. Harlow, W.M, E.S. Harrar, J.W. Hardin, and F. M. White. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York.KTextbook of Dendrology. 2001. Hardin, J. W. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York.MTrees of Indiana. 1953. Deom, C. C. The Bookwalter Co. Inc. Indianapolis, INDTrees of North America and Europe. 1978. Phillips, R. Random HousepTrees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. Farrar, John Laird. Iowa State University Press. Ames.3Tree, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Kansas. Stephens.LVascular Plant Taxonomy. 1988. Walters D. C. and D. J. Keil. Hunt Publ. Co.˜The Woody Plants of Ohio Trees, Shrubs and Woody Climbers, Native, Naturalized and Escaped. 1961. Braun, E.L. Ohio State University Press. Columbus OH˙˙ CXItemname> Ash, Blue>ƒ? Ash, Green>ƒ Ash, White>ƒBirch, River or Red>ƒD Catalpa Tree>ƒCherry, Black, Wild or Rum>ƒ3Cottonwood, Northern>ƒ‰Crabapple, Japanese Flowering.>ƒcDogwood, Flowering>ƒ6 Elm, Chinese>ƒL(Honeylocust; Sweet-locust; Thorny Locust>ƒkHoneysuckle, Amur>ƒQLocust, Black or Yellow>ƒY(Maple, Ashleaf or Manitoba; or Box-Elder>ƒXMaple, Japanese>ƒ Maple, Silver, Soft or White>ƒMaple, Sugar or Hard>ƒs Mulberry, Red>ƒ9Mulberry, White>ƒ Oak, Red>ƒ Oak, White>ƒ: Osage-Orange>ƒBPersimmon, Common>ƒSycamore>ƒaTree-of-Heaven>ƒ Walnut, Black>ƒ4 Willow, Black>ƒYnegundo>ƒXpalmatum>ƒ saccharinum>ƒ saccharum>ƒa altissima>ƒnigra>ƒDspeciosa>ƒcflorida>ƒB virginiana>ƒ americana>ƒ? pennsylvanica>ƒ> quadrangulata>ƒL triacanthos>ƒnigra>ƒkmaackii>ƒ:pomifera>ƒ‰ floribunda>ƒ9alba>ƒsrubra>ƒ occidentalis>ƒ3 deltoides>ƒserotina>ƒ alba>ƒ rubra>ƒQ pseudoacacia>ƒ4nigra>ƒ6 parvifolia˙˙ CXItemrec ˙IFraxinus Americana This species belongs to the Oleaceae (olive) family and is native to the United States, and can be found from Nova Scotia to eastern Minnesota and south to Texas spreading to northern Florida [1]. Distinguishing characteristics include; 8-12 inch leaves, usually with 7 leaflets but can sometimes exceed this number and rarely has 5 leaflets [2]. The leaflets can be 2 ˝ to 5 inches long and 1 ź to 2 ž inches wide. The shape of the leaflets can be ovate, elliptical and other times oval, with acute or acuminate apexes, and rounded or acute bases. The margins are serrate or entire, with leaf surfaces dark green and glabrous above and whitish or pale green with pubescence or glabrous below. The tree is dioecious, the male flowers bloom first and the pollen is airborne when the female flowers are receptive. The fruit is a lanceolate samara 1-2 inches long and only ź inch wide, which can live for 3-4 years on the forest floor [2]. A major defining characteristic is the deep diamond-shaped furrow and ridges appearance of the bark when mature. Major uses: the wood of this ash is economically important due to its strength, hardness, weight and shock resistance. It's used for tool handles, second only to hickory. Most baseball bats are made out of this wood along with tennis rackets, hockey sticks, and oars among other things [1]. Also can be utilized as a snake bite prophylactic. The tree is very common today for it quickly colonizes abandoned fields and farmland. Especially in areas like Ohio this ash can be used for rehabilitation of disturbed sites, like old coal mines. Information provided by Ryan Banks, 2003. [1]. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/fraame/ [2]. Harlow & Harrar's Textbook of Dendrology. 2001. Hardin, James W., Leopold, Donald J., and White, Fred M. McGraw Hill. FACOM.jpg&647347376439162uƒ˙‹Acer saccharum Native to the US [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: The leafs are opposite, simple, palmately veined, 3 to 6 inches long and have five lobes with a toothed margin [2]. The flower is yellow to green, small, clustered and hang from a long (1 to 3 inch) stem, appearing with the leaves. The fruit is a two-winged horseshoe-shaped samara about 1 inch long, appearing in clusters. The twig is brown, slender and shiny with lighter lenticels. The terminal buds brown and have very sharp points [2]. The bark is variable, but is generally grayish brown. Older trees may be furrowed, with long, thick irregular curling outward ridges. Major Uses: A. saccharum is a very important timber tree for it's hard, often figured, wood [3]. The wood is often used to make furniture, cabinets, veneer and musical instruments. It is the only tree today used for syrup production. Information provided by Dan Pesek, 2003. [1] http://www.treeguide.com/Species.asp?Region=NorthAmerican&SpeciesID=106 [2] http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/asaccharum.htm [3] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/acer/saccharum.htm ASCOM.jpg&57970336414134uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙|Prunus serotina Native to eastern North America spanning from Minnesota to Texas and from Florida to Nova Scotia with populations in Arizona and New Mexico (1). Distinguishing characteristics: alternate, simple 2-6 inch long, leaves that are toothed, thick and leathery with a pair of glands on the petiole and tufts of hair along the basal part of the midvein. The bark is thin and smooth and brown to black on young trees, but fissured, scaly, thick and almost black on older trunks. The fruit is a purplish-black drupe (1.2 cm in diameter) (1). Major uses: The wood is strong, hard, close-grained and reddish brown. It is valued for furniture, panelling, veneers, and cabinetry. Prunus serotina in soil reclamation of disturbed surface mines. The bark is used in the Appalachians as a cough supressant, remedy and sedative. The fruit is used to flavor rum and brandy. The fruit is also eaten raw or made into jellies and wines. The fruits are an important source of food for many animals but the leaves, twigs and bark are poisonous to livestock but not to White-tailed deer (1). Information provided by Jeremy Tibbs, 2002. 1. www.fs.fed.us PSCOM.jpg&506661282380380uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ ˙Juglans nigra Native from New England all the way through Texas. A large deciduous tree, it grows between 50 and 75 feet tall. Distinguishing characteristics: pinnately compound leaves are 1 to 2 feet long with up to 23 leaflets. Leaflets are finely serrate and 3 to 3.5 inches long. The leaves emit an odor when crushed. Male flowers are single stemmed catkins. Female flowers on short spikes near end of twig[1]. Flowers are present April to June. Twig is stout with short buds. The fruit is a semi-fleshy nut. The meat is edible when it matures from September to October. Bark is dark brown-gray to dark brown-black. with rounded ridges and furrows forming moderatly think uneven plates. This wood is rated as one of the most durable woods, even in conditions favorable to decay. Major uses: furniture, cabinets, gunstocks, novelties, interior paneling, and veneer[2]. The grain is very straight, and easily is easy to work with hand tools and machines. It takes paint and stain well, and glues and polishes well[2]. This tree is difficult to transplant and prefers moist, well-drained soil. They are used for food, fruit, lawn trees, and to fill parks and wide open spaces[1]. The fruit is known to be messy. Information provided by Lindsey Potter, 2002. [1] http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/jnigra.htm [2] http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/TechSheets/HardwoodNA/htmlDocs/juglans2.html JNCOM.jpg&358428222253200uƒ˙łQuercus rubra Native tree of North America and is the only native oak extending northeast to Nova Scotia. It has a range from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec, to Ontario, in Canada; from Minnesota south to eastern Nebraska and Oklahoma; east to Arkansas, southern Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina[1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Leaves simple and alternate with 7-9 lobes with several bristle-tipped teeth and V-shaped notches. Upper surface dull yellowish green, paler underneath. This tree is monoecious and its staminate flowers are borne in catkins that develop from leaf axils of the previous year. The pistillate flowers are solitary that develop in the axils of the current year's leaves. The fruit is an acorn that occurs singly or in clusters from two to five, is 12-25 mm long, almost as wide and short-stalked. Cup saucer-shaped 15-25 mm across, enclosing about one-quarter of the nut[2]. Major Uses: Extensively planted as an ornamental because of its symmetrical shape and brilliant fall foliage[3]. Important food source for squirrels, deer, turkey, and birds. Information provided by Jon Tyson. ] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume _2/quercus/rubra.htm [2] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar.Iowa State University Press [3] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume _2/quercus/rubra.htm QR1COM.jpg&407703226309248uƒ˙ďQuercus alba Is a native species found in upland forests preferring western facing slopes[4]. Distinguishing Characteristics: The leaves are obovate-oblong 10-20 cm long. They are 3-4 paired lobes with entire or sparsely toothed lobes [3]. The underside of the leaf is pubescent when young then becomes glabrous with a bluish to grey-green color. The fruits are acorns about ź covered with a cap. The young shoots are pubescent [3]. Major Uses: Ornamental. Food for wildlife [2]. It is also a highly prized lumber for furniture, veneer, paneling, flooring, and railroad ties, fence posts, mine timbers, ships, and caskets. It is currently the major source of wood for whiskey barrels [5]. The white oak can live upwards of 600 years [3]. Information provided by Christine Craig, 2002. 1. http://www.forestworld.com 2. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaf Trees and Shrubs Vol. 1. 1978. Gerd Krussmann. Timber Press. 3. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaf Trees and Shrubs Vol.3. 1978. Gerd Krussmann. Timber Press. 4. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada Second Edition. 1991. Gleason & Cronquist. The New York Botanical Garden. 5. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/quealb/index.html QACOM.jpg&382686226288256uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙śAcer saccharinum Native to Northern Central, Eastern, and Northern Southern U.S, and South Eastern Canada [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Opposite, Simple, 5 lobed, palmate venation, deep, and doubly serrate leaf, with a silver colored underside. Young stems possess a fetid odor when crushed. acute - right angle double samara fruit [2]. Branches swoop downward, and then curve back upward [3]. One of the earliest flowering species within it's range, blooming in late February, April, or May. Major Uses: Wood used for furniture, boxes, crates, food containers, paneling, and core stock. A Timber harvest in Mid- West U.S. Seeds eaten by birds and small animals. Bark is a top food source for beavers in South East Ohio. Cavities in the tree used by birds and mammals for nests. Strip mine succession and regeneration. Sometimes used as an ornamental but it has fragile limbs susceptible to ice breakage, and rotting, plus large amounts of twigs being shed. The shallow root system of this tree also tends to invade water systems. Maple syrup can be made from this tree. This tree species is highly susceptible to fire damage which will destroy both mature seeds and new sprouts [1]. Information provided by Greg Dutton, 2002. [1] http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/acesah/ [2] http://bluehen.ags.udel.edu/udbg/trees/descriptions/a_saccharium.html [3] http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/asaccharinum.htm AS1COM.jpg&57868336424142uƒ ˙m Platanus occidentalis This is a native tree of North America with a range from southwestern Maine west to New York, extreme southern Ontario, central Michigan, and southern Wisconsin; south in Iowa and eastern Nebraska to eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and south-central Texas; east to northwestern Florida and southeastern Georgia. It is also found in the mountains of northeastern Mexico. In general, this tree grows best on sandy loams or loam with a good supply of ground water, typically on the edges of lakes and streams where summer water tables drop enough to permit soil aeration during the growing season[1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Large tree up to 35 m in height and 200 cm in diameter. Bark of the tree is smooth and brownish which exfoliates in jigsaw puzzle shaped pieces to expose green, cream-colored, or white inner bark. Bark is dark brown and scaly at the base of mature trees. Leaves are 10-20 cm long, slightly wider, simple and alternate with 3 to 5 palmate lobes with central lobe wider than it is long, are coarsely toothed, and are prominently 3-veined. Persistent stipules are prominent in the spring. Buds are bluntly coned-shaped, 6-10 mm long, reddish, covered with a single scale enclosed in the base of the leaf stalk until after leaf fall. No terminal bud; end bud originates as lateral bud[2]. Staminate and pistillate flowers are separate but appear on the same tree on different shoots. Staminate flowers are small, yellowish-green, and in clusters along the twigs. The pistillate flowers are larger, crimson, long-stalked and appear in ball like clusters near the shoot tips. Fruits are held in a solitary ball-like aggregate 20-35 mm across that hang from 8-16 mm long stalks. Fruits are achenes and they are small, one seeded, and elongated with stiff brownish hairs at the base[3]. Major Uses: Sometimes a pioneer tree on upland old- field sites, especially in the central part of its range. It has become a favored species for use in intensively cultured "biomass farms" in the southeastern United States that use the coppice growth for fiber. It is valuable for timber and it is also planted as a shade tree because of its distinctive white exfoliating bask and broad dense crown[4]. Poet William Cullen Bryant wrote about this tree: "And plane tree's speckled arms o'er shoot/ The swifter current that mines its root"[5]. Information provided by Jon Tyson. [1] http: www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/platanus/occidentalis.htm [2] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press [3] ] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press [4] http: www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/platanus/occidentalis.htm [5] Family Field Guides. Trees: North American Trees Identified by Leaf, Bark & Seed.1997. Steven M.L. Aronson. Workman Publishing POCOM.jpg&456632230236uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ ˙ŰBetula nigra, Betulaceae Black Birch Distinguishing Characteristics: The bark is papery with a white outer color and a red to salmon inner color. Twigs are brown, pubescent, the pith is homogenous and the buds imbricate. Leaves like most birch are simple, alternate, pinnately veined, and double serrated with a lustrous and glabrous topside. The primary range of river birch is the southeastern quarter of the United States. Scattered populations are found along rivers and streams as far north as southern Minnesota, central Wisconsin, and the middle New England States. The tree's beauty makes it an important ornamental, especially at the northern and western extremes of its natural range. Because of its tolerance to acid soils, river birch has been used successfully in strip mine reclamation. It has also been used in erosion control. Its graceful form, attractive bark, and high resistance to the bronze birch borer make it desirable for ornamental planting. River birch is used mainly for local enterprises such as the manufacture of inexpensive furniture, basket hoops, and turned articles. Experiments in North Carolina did not indicate that it is desirable for commercial pulpwood production, but naturally occurring merchantable-sized trees are often harvested for pulpwood when mixed with other bottomland hardwoods. Strength of the wood makes it suitable for the manufacture of artificial limbs and children's toys. "The most beautiful of American trees" is what Prince Maximilian thought of river birch when he toured North America before he became the short-lived Emperor of Mexico. All data from: Sylvics of North America (www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual) Information provided by Alison Boutin, October 9, 2002 BNCOM.jpg&366134224343uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙pPopulus deltoides Native tree of North America occurring frequently on moist well-drained sands or silts near streams. It grows from southern Quebec westward into North Dakota and southwestern Manitoba, south to central Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia.[1] Distinguishing Characteristics: Leaves simple and alternate, triangular in shape, with a taper pointed tip. Approximately 20-25 coarse teeth per side with no teeth on the tip or near the stalk. Upper surface of the leaf is bright shiny green with a paler underside. Petiole is flattened with glands present near the junction. Terminal buds are about 20 mm in length, slender, yellowish-brown and very resinous[2]. Flowers occur from February to April before leaves appear. Male flowers are 8-13 cm long, have 40-60 stamens and are reddish in color. Female flowers are slightly longer at 15-30 cm and less conspicuous in color than the males. Seeds develop in 3-4 valved capsules on short stalks on long catkins[3]. Major Uses: Frequently planted to provide quick shade near homes. Also is used for soil stabilization especially along stream or ditch banks. Is being used as cattle feed since it is a good source of cellulose relatively free of undesirable components such as tannins[4]. Can be and is, used for wood pulp in the paper industry. Information provided by Jon Tyson. [1] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume _2/ populus/deltoides .htm [2] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press. [3] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume _2/ populus/deltoides .htm [4] ibid PDCOM.jpg&322639218367uƒ˙ISalix nigra A native to North America; Black is the largest and the only commercially important willow of about 90 species. This short-lived, fast-growing tree reaches its maximum size and development in the lower Mississippi River Valley and bottomlands of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Leaf is alternate, simple, pinnately veined, lanceolate in shape, 3 to 6 inches long, with a finely serrate margin. Leaves are dark and shiny above, light green below. Flowers are dioecious; flowers are tiny, green, borne on catkins, 1 to 3 inches long. Present May to June. Fruit is cone-shaped capsules that contain many small, cottony seeds; borne on catkins. Capsules split on maturity. Maturing June to July. Twig is slender, orange-brown in color, with a bitter aspirin taste. Buds are small and oppressed, covered by one bud scale. The terminal bud is absent. Stipules/scars are obvious. Bark is Brown to gray-black, with thick, somewhat scaly ridges and deep furrows. Black willow is used for a variety of wooden products and the tree, with its dense root system, is excellent for stabilizing eroding lands. The wood was once used extensively for artificial limbs, because it is lightweight, does not splinter easily, and holds its shape well. It is still used for boxes and crates, furniture core stock, turned pieces, tabletops, slack cooperage, wooden novelties, charcoal, and pulp. Ancient pharmacopoeia recognized the bark and leaves of willow as useful in the treatment of rheumatism. In 1829, the natural glucoside salicin was isolated from willow. Today it is the basic ingredient of aspirin, although salicyclic acid is synthesized rather than extracted from its natural state. Information provided by Justin Makii 2002. [1] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_2/salix/nigra.htm [2] http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/plant_profile.cgi?symbol=SANI SNCOM.jpg&335218358326uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ ˙OUlmus parvifolia Native to northern China, Japan and Korea. Introduced in the early 1900's by Frank N. Meyer (3). Distinguishing characteristics:leaves are alternate, simple, toothed, 2" long elliptical with asymmetrical base and with 12 or less pairs of viens (1). Terminal bud lacking. The fruit is a flat, papery samara 1/3" across that hangs in dense clusters (1) Two distinguishing charecteristics are the fact that this is one of the few species that flowers and fruits in the fall and the bark flakes off in small thin plates leaving a puzzle like pattern of browns, oranges, grays and greens (2). Major uses: it is often used as an ornamental tree to replace the American elm because it is resistant to Dutch Elm Disease. Information provided by Jeremy Tibbs, 2002. 1. www.hort.uconn.edu 2. www.floridata.com 3. www.plantexplorers.com UPCOM.jpg&421876231uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙Morus alba This tree is native to China, and was eventually introduced into the US at a failing attempt to establish a silk industry. It is a deciduous medium to large tree. Distinguishing characteristics: dense rounded tree, fast growing. Leaves have many shapes, can be lobed or not. Leaves are alternately arranged, dark green, and turn a dull yellow in the fall. The fleshy compound multiple fruit consists of many druplets, white to red, is edible, and ripens in June and July. Bark is a light tannish brown, and is said to have a sweet taste. Stems exude a white latex when broken in warm conditions. It prefers moist, well-drained soil. The tree is used to raise silk worms, and to landscape difficult sites. The fruit attracts songbirds. This tree is considered a nuisance, as it escapes cultivars easily. It is called a "trash tree" because of it's messy fruits, suckers, and invasive capabilities. Information provided by Lindsey E. Potter. http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/m/moralb/moralb3.html http://www.treeguide.com MA1COM.jpg& 430557236248240uƒ ˙OMaclura pomifera Is a native tree found in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, and Louisiana [3]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Simple, alternate, serrate, acuminate tip, ovate, 5-12 cm long leaves with a milky latex [4]. The plant is dioecious with simple, inconspicuous, green 4 parted flowers and male auxiliary, 2.5-3.8 cm, racemes [3]. The globose fruit, 8-14 cm, is a multiple fruit of green 1 seeded drupes [3]. The fruit is not edible [5]. The twigs are thorny [5]. Major Uses: ornamental, root extracts for pesticides, food processing, and dye making [2]. Macluria pomifera has the greatest number of planted trees in North America than any other [2]. It also was used as fence lines leading to the invention of barb wire [2]. Following barb wire it became the major of fence posts that fenced in the west [2]. Information provided by: Christine Craig, 2002. 2. http://www.forestworld.com 3. http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/htm 4. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs Volume 1. 1977. Krussman, Gerd. Timber Press. 5. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs Volume 2. 1977. Krussman, Gerd. Timber Press. 6. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada Second Edition. 1991. Gleason , Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur. The New York Botanical Garden. MPCOM.jpg&429504236249408uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ ˙Fraxinus quadrangulata Native species in North America. Distinguishing Characteristics: quadrangular twigs; opposite, pinnately compound leaves; serrate margin. Major Uses: Timber tree, and is often sold to mills as white ash. Used for flooring and interior finishes, and sapwood used for tool handles [1]. Also used for ornamental purposes and shade/shelter [2]. On threatened status in Iowa and Wisconsin [2]. Called blue ash because of liquid that turns blue when hits air. Grows readily in dry soils and dry upland and limestone soils [3]. Information provided by Kelly Munaretto, 2002. [1] http://project.bio.iastate.edu/trees/campustrees/fraxinusquad/fraxquad_info.html [2] http://plants.usda.gov [3] http://www.cmi.k12.il.us/urbana/uplandsprojects/apple/service/bpark/blueash.html FQCOM.jpg&653354376445168uƒ ˙QOleaceae Fraxinus Pennsylvanica: A.K.A.: Green Ash, red ash, swamp ash, and water ash. Native to eastern North America and is readily common west to Wyoming and Colorado along plains watercourses at elevations above 6000 ft. Fast growing and extremely hardy to climatic extremes once established, making it one of the most prevalent species of the Ashes. Leaf is opposite, pinnately compound with 7 to 9 serrate leaflets that are lanceolate to elliptical in shape. The leaf is 6 to 9 inches long and is glabrous to silky-pubescent below. The flower is dioecious, both sexes lacking petals, occurring as panicles. Flowers appear after the leaves unfold. Fruit is one-winged, dry, flattened samara with a slender, thin, seed cavity, maturing September to October and dispersing over winter. Twig is stout to medium texture, gray to green-brown and either glabrous or pubescent, depending on variety. Leaf scars are semicircular, lacking the notched top. Bark is gray-brown, think, furrowed into narrow, irregular, interlacing, scaly ridges. Older trees may be somewhat scaly. Green ash wood, because of its strength, hardness, high shock resistance, and excellent bending qualities, is used in specialty items such as tool handles and baseball bats but is not as desirable as white ash. It is also being widely used in revegetation of spoil banks created from strip mining. Green ash is very popular as a shade tree in residential areas because of its good form, adaptability to a wide range of sites, and relative freedom from insects and diseases. Seeds are used for food by a number of game and nongame animals and birds. Attempts have been made to artificially cross green ash with other ash species. Only the cross of green ash with velvet ash (Fraxinus velutina) was consistently successful, yielded viable seed, and produced identifiable hybrids that grew as fast as the eastern parent. The other crosses yielded no identifiable hybrids. Information provided by Justin Makii 2002 [1]http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_2/fraxinus/pennsylvanica.htm [2] http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_frpe.pdf FPCOM.jpg&651349376441164uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ%˙˘Diospyros virginiana Diospyros virginiana is a native plant to the US [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: The leafs are alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, lustrous dark green above, entire margin and 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long [2]. It is dioecious, with white to greenish-white, male flowers in threes. Female flowers are solitary, and both are about 1/2 inch long. The flowers bloom March to mid-June. The fruit is a plum-like berry that is green before ripening, turning orange to black when ripe and 3/4 to 2 inches in diameter. The fruit is astringent when green but sweet and edible when ripe. The buds are dark red to black with 2 bud scales [2]. The bark is very distinguishable because it is very dark and broken up into square scaly thick plates reminiscent of charcoal briquettes. Major Uses: The wood stays smooth under friction, so it is used to make shuttles, spools, bobbin and golf heads. The berry is also edible [3]. Information provided by Dan Pesek, 2003. [1] http://www.bbg.org/sci/nymf/encyclopedia/ebn/dio0010.htm [2] http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/dvirginiana.htm [3] http://www.bbg.org/sci/nymf/encyclopedia/ebn/dio0010.htm DVCOM.jpg&635298378uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ'˙(Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. Northern catalpa Distinguishing Characteristics: Leaves are cordate shaped in whorls of three with no terminal buds showing. Fruit is a distinctive cigar shaped terminal capsule. The fruit has many winged seeds inside. Originally native to the lower Ohio River valley and central Mississippi River Valley, this tree has been widely distributed through human intervention. Farmers first brought it into Ohio, commonly using it for fence posts. By way of intentional planting and "escapes" this tree has become established in most of Ohio's counties. People also have planted the Northern Catalpa as an ornamental tree for its showy, spring flowers. The wood, mostly used for fence posts, also has been used for railroad ties, cheap furniture, and interior finish. This is the favored food-plant of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth, which sometimes strips a tree of its leaves. Data from: http://www.oplin.lib.oh.us/products/tree/fact%20pages/catalpa/catalpa.html Information provided by Alison Boutin, October 9, 2002 CSCOM.jpg&664183405449188uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ .˙ÔNative Distinguishing Characteristics: Even alternate pinnate/bipinnate compound leaves with acute/rounded apices, leaf length 10-50 cm, width 5-25 cm, leaflet blade length .1-10 cm, leaflet blade width .1-2.5 cm, surface is glabrous and lustrous, reddish brown twisted sickle legume, bark grayish brown with narrow ridges divided fissures, armed with heavy branched thorns on the lower branches and trunk. Major Uses of Tree and Wood: Honey-locust wood is dense, hard and durable used locally for posts, pallets, crates, general construction, furniture, interior finish, turnery, and firewood. It is useful, but is too scarce to be of economic importance. Interesting Facts: Honey-locust pods contain 16.1 % crude fiber and 9.3 % protein. Cattle, goats, white-tailed deer, Virginia opossum, eastern gray squirrel, fox squirrel, rabbits, quail, and crows eat the locust pods. Honey-locust pods are being fermented for ethanol production in studies to explore the feasibility of biomass fuels. The tree is short-lived, intolerant of shade and reproduction becomes established only beneath openings in the forest canopy. Information provided by Sean Henderson, 2002 http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/gletri/ GTCOM.jpg&523362304388214uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ 3˙ŁRobinia pseuodacacia The commonly known "black locust" is a native species belonging to the Fabaceae family originally located in the range of the Appalachian mountains and in southern Missouri [1]. The plant has successfully been planted in almost every other states and many other countries. Distinguishing characteristics include; alternate pinnately compound leaves harboring around 7-19 leaflets 1 1/2 to 2 inches long and 1/2 to 3/4 an inch wide [2]. The leaflets can be elliptical or ovate with entire margins. The base of the glabrous leaflets are round and the surfaces are a dull dark blue-green color occasionally with a slight pubescence on the abaxial midrib. The flowers are showy and aromatic, white, born in racemes around 5 inches long. The fruits are brown, flat and shaped like pea pods around 2-4 inches long. The fruits contain 4-8 reniform seeds 3/16 an inch long. The twigs are zigzag shaped, red-brown in color with spines are paired, 2 at each leaf [2]. The bark red-brown to nearly black with ridges and furrows. Major uses: the wood is very strong hard and durable and is used for fence posts, tool handles, railroad ties, fuel wood, etc. The bark is well-known to be toxic to all animals [1]. This species used to be utilized in recolonization of mined land in the past but popularity of this tree for this purpose has gone down. The tree is a legume and returns many minerals to the soil through its decaying leaves. Information provided by Ryan Banks, 2003. [1]. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/robpse/ [2]. Harlow & Harrar's Textbook of Dendrology. 2001. Hardin, James W., Leopold, Donald J., and White, Fred M. McGraw Hill. RPCOM.jpg&526753298392216uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙ÉAcer palmatum Acer palmatum or Japanese Maple is a small ornamental tree and was introduced to the United States and native to the Orient.(1) This species has a slow growth rate and a spreading shape with a short, stout trunk, branching low to the ground. It performs best with rich, moist soil conditions in partially shaded locations (2). Distinctive characteristics: Simple leaf, arrangement is opposite, total length 5?13 cm, palmately lobed, primary lobes 7?9, margins finely serrated, sinuses broadly cleft extending more than one half the distance from the apex to the midrib. Twigs and buds greenish to reddish or purplish, leaf scar is V shaped with three distinct bundle scars. Fruit is a, double samara, angled at 75 to 100 degrees, green, 1?2 cm in length[3]. Economic Importance: Japanese Maple is valued for its interesting foliage [2]. Currently it is an expensive species due to its slow growth, and low availability. Information provided by Nicole Mihevic, 2003. [1] http://plants.usda.gov/ [2] http://www.hcs.ohio?state.edu/hcs/TMI/Plantlist/ac_matum.html [3] Taxonomy and Ecology of Woody Plants in North American Forests. 2002. James S. Fralish and Scott B Franklin. John Wiley & Sons. AP2COM.jpg&50336155uƒ ˙ÚAcer negundo Acer Negundo is a native species. It is a small to large deciduous tree. It is often multi-stemmed, but it can be found single stemmed. It can grow to be very high almost 70 feet for the tallest, but most trees are only about 40 to 50 feet high. It has odd pinnately compound leaves with 3, 5, or 7 leaflets. It also retains a green stem. Its blunt buds are covered with fine white hairs. Acer negundo is a fast growing tree and is also very drought and cold hardy. The trunk of the Acer negundo is very susceptible to rot and is often infested with box elder bugs. The leaves fall for an extended period of time as does the samaras so it is thought of as a dirty tree. The tree is planted in the west a lot as a means of erosion and flood control. The wood of Acer negundo is not desired for lumber because it is light and low in strength. The wood is sometimes used in the making of cheap boxes and furniture. Information provided by Jared Baker, 2002 AN1COM.jpg&57248336426144uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ7˙ŹIntroduced to Philadelphia by William Hamilton from eastern Asia in 1784 by way of Europe [1]. Naturalized in disturbed areas, roadsides, and urban environments throughout North America. Distinquishing Characteristics: Very long (30 - 60 cm) pinnately compound leaves with very disagreeable odor. Dark green glands associated with apices of basal teeth. Large showy inflorescences form large masses of oblong, twisted samaras. Very stout twigs have disagreeable odor and lack terminal buds. Major Uses: Ornamental. Reclamation of degraded landscapes. Fast growing in polluted urban environments. Very aggressive weedy species in hardwood forests since numerous seeds are produced and the tree generates abundant root and stump sprouts. Can be difficult to eradicate. The root system can cause damage to sewers and foundations. Bees collect nectar for honey production. The soft, weak, coarse-grained, and creamy white to light brown wood has no commercial value. This was the tree featured in Betty Smith's 1943 book and Elia Kazan's 1945 film "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn". Information provided by Roger Meicenheimer, 2002. [1] http://omega.cc.umb.edu/~conne/jennjim/ailanthus.html AACOM.jpg&53992433232uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ9˙!Cornaceae Cornus Florida: A.K.A.: Flowering dogwood Occurs naturally in the eastern United States from Massachusetts to Ontario and Michigan, south to eastern Texas and Mexico, and east to central Florida. It grows in a variety of habitats throughout its range, but generally occurs on fertile, well drained but moist sites. Flowering dogwood is usually an under-story component in mixed hardwood forests or at the edges of pine forests. Leaves are opposite, simple, arcuately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, oval in shape with an entire margin. Flowers are very small, but surrounded by four large white (occasionally pink) bracts, 2 inches in diameter. Appearing March to April in the south, June in the north. Fruits appear as shiny, oval red drupes, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, in clusters of 3 to 4, maturing in September to October. Twigs are slender, green or purple, later turning gray, often with a glaucous bloom. The terminal flower buds are clove-shaped; vegetative buds resemble a cat claw. Bark is gray when young, turning very scaly to blocky. The wood of dogwood is very hard and has some value in the forest products trade for such things as commercial loom shuttles and spindles. In colonial (U.S.A.) times, a tea brewed from the bark was said to reduce fevers. Squirrels and birds devour the red fruits. In recent years, flowering dogwood has been severely impacted by dogwood blight, a fungus disease that can decimate natural populations. The disease was first discovered in the 1970's, and by the 90's; it had spread throughout most of the dogwood's range. Infected trees show small spots with purple margins on the leaves. The disease eventually kills the leaves, and in 2-3 years, the tree dies. The disease (an anthracnose in the genus Discula) thrives in cool, moist weather and dogwoods in the open, with good air circulation and sunlight, are not usually attacked, as are trees in the forest under story. Information provided by Justin Makii 2002. [1]http://www.floridata.com/ref/C/cornus_f.cfm [2]http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/cflorida.htm CFCOM.jpg&615234358397181uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ >"˙đLonicera maackii Introduced to the United States in 1898 from china [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Simple oppositely arranged leaves. Glabrous dark green upper surface. Small white inflorescence which flowers in May and June [2]. Fruits are bright red and very abundant in autumn months [2]. Has a brown pith coloration and pubescence on one year twig [3]. Major Uses: Ornamental. Sometimes used for landscaping but not often due to its invasiveness. Weak shrub has no commercial value for wood. Information provided by Clayton Baker 2003. [1] http://webapps.lib.uconn.edu/ipane/browsing.cfm?descriptionid=66 [2] http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs/TMI/Plantlist/lo_ackii.html [3] http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/l/lonmaa/lonmaa1.html Lmcom02.jpg&943495418uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙ľData encoded by Matt Peachey, 2000; and Nathan Howell, 2001. The native range of Morus rubra is from Massachussetts and southern Vermont west through the southern half of New York to extreme southwestern Ontario, southern Michigan, central Wisconsin and southeastern Minnesota; south to Iowa, southeastern Nebraska, central Kansas, western Oklahoma, and central Texas; and east to southern Florida. Morus rubra grows well under a wide variety of conditions. It is often found in pastures and on field borders. Distinguishing Characteristics: The bark is dark and scaly and divided into irregular, elongate plates. The orange inner bark is tough and fibrous. The leaves are highly variable, and can be lobed (up to 3) or not lobed. Also the leaves are papery, and white fibers show when torn. The fruit resembles blackberries. Major uses: Morus rubra wood is light, soft, weak, close-grained, and durable. It is doesn't have much commercial importance. Some uses include fence posts, farm implements, furniture, interior finish, and caskets. Many species of birds and small mammals eat the fruits of Morus rubra. Morus rubra has shallow roots, so it is not used a soil stabilizer. Morus rubra is planted for its fruit and as an ornamental. The fruit is used to make jams, jellies, pies, and beverages. Native Americans used the fibrous bark to make cloth. Morus rubra is becoming increasingly scarce in the central portions of its range, possibly due to a bacterial disease. Information provided by Patricia Shamhart, 2004. [1]http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/morrub/ [2]http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/moru.html [3]http://www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/mrubra.htm mr20com.jpg&xxxxxuƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ*˙ Malus floribunda Native to Japan. It was introduced to North America by Phillip Von Siebold in 1862 [1]. Distinguishing characteristics: 15-25 ft. tall with a broad, rounded, densely branched canopy. Leaves are simple, deciduous and elliptical in shape. They are alternately arranged and have pinnate venation. The flowers are very showy and pink or white in color and have a very pleasant fragrance. The fruit is round and fleshy and either red or yellow in color. Major uses of tree and wood: Crabapples are used as a food source for wildlife, especially birds and squirrels, and are also harvested to make jellies for human consumption. This tree is a popular ornamental because of its showy appearance and urban tolerance. The tree is used to make large parking lot islands (more than 200 sq. feet), wide tree lawns, and is also recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway [2]. All members of this genus have a toxin Hydrogen cyanide in their seeds and possibly in their leaves. In small quantities Hydrogen cyanide has been shown to stimulate respiration, improve digestion and has been used in the treatment of cancer [3]. Information provided by: Melissa Sama 2003. [1] http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1933/v2-140.html [2] http://www.hort.ifas.ufl.edu/trees/malfloa.pdf [3] http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Malus+floribunda Coded by Bill Amberg. mf20com.jpg&548183188-189uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙uƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙RFraxinusAcerPrunusUlmusJuglansQuercus AceraceaePlatanusBetula JuniperusSequoiaTaxodiumPiceaLarix PseudotsugaPinusPopulusSalixMorusMaclura DiospyrosCatalpaMalus GleditsiaRobinia AilanthusCornusLonicera-Oleaceae AceraceaeFagaceaeRosaceaeUlmaceae Juglandaceae Platanaceae Betulaceae CupressaceaePinaceae SalicaceaeMoraceae EbennaceaeScuophulariaceae BignoniaceaeCaesalpiniaceaeFabaceae Aceeraceae Simaroubaceae CornaceaeCaprifoliaceae˙˙ CXDatablock†1.ƒ0€0H$ЄŒ0D Ć –` X'Œ!„T@((6H0Čh† HÜ1đ€2œ(ř  H$Ŕŕ €€0,€8ʄ ˆ1ü2(řŒČ'Ŕ@ !(¸… €1(€€(Ȅ ` „!ĆáPDů$Đ$Ā„P €€ą€$€Œ„†‚@† Ă8† $(8\8 € €!  g°… Ŕń€˜Ä‡X„B0 €sŕ $ť$P Á D€ €@ €Ŕą€† ƒĚC3ŒH6$( „`D€`€ PMĆ00 1@@…†@ ŒBSL„$xD €(lBB0łŔX„‡Čƒ 8†1@8DPƒ2Ä f €ŕ ‡@ 1 €„  ‡Dœ "ˆÁ”š$Pƒ Ā¸ 0!`…P‡ €@3 Ä…CrŒ!"ˆ $P ƒ Dˆˆ€€@ŕLü‡(€0„‰ ˆ<Îť#‘2€HĐŒD h ‚„@$(>@$H¨–ŒAŒ!H2(řŒH Ŕ „ $đ1‚(€…Œ  ‚Œ!"2(řŒ H Ŕ !`,(€(€1€Œˆ…„€` †1"Đ$P@!0Č$Ŕ`ƒ@P€DD ˛$(䄁 0 Ă02@,$P FH Ŕ‚  €ą @3€˜ä ƒ C@Š @(€$(0! 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