×w @¨Ă‰Angiosperm Trees3.53.5˙­The Angiosperm Database has been modified to allow children at the ages of 10-14 years-old to access and extrapolate the attributes of various plant species and determine the specific specimen. MODIFIED BY NORA KEEN, VERONICA RODRIGEZ, AND BETH BROWN -JULY 2003. ANGIOSPERM TREE COMPONENT OF MIAMI UNIVERSITY DENDROLOGY EXPERT SYSTEM INITIAL DATA BASE AND MENUS CREATED BY DR. ROGER D MEICENHEIMER, ELIZABETH HOOVEN, MATT DULEY, JOY KAMINSKY, ROGER WOESTE, HEIDI MEICENHEIMER, PEGGY MYERS, AND ALICE NELSON. DATA FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIES CONTRIBUTED BY INDIVIDUAL DENDROLOGY STUDENTS INDICATED IN SPECIES HELP. LAST UPGRADE DEC 2002×˙˙ CXAttdataJapanese Maple€Sycamore Maple or Planetree€ Sugar Maple€ Ohio Buckeye€Tree of Heaven€ Common Alder€Pawpaw€ 0.1 - 0.6 cm UThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 0.7 - 1.2 cm UThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 1.3 - 2.5 cm UThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm UThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm UThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm UThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ > 25.0 cm UThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€River Birch or Red Birch€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm ˘The leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm ŁThe leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm ŁThe leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€25.1 - 50.0 cm ŁThe leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). Athelp71.jpg€ > 50.0 cm ŁThe leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€ 0.1 - 2.5 cm ~The leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm ~The leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm ~The leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm The leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€25.1 - 50.0 cm The leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€ > 50.0 cm The leaf blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€American Hornbeam€Pecan€Hickory€ Catalpa Tree€ Hackberry€ Fringe-Tree€Flowering Dogwood€Cornelian Cherry€Sugar Hackberry or Sugarberry€Washington Hawthorne€Russian Olive or Wild Olive€ Proximal ˙'Variations in the location of the seed are useful features for identifying species that bear samara fruit. Determine the relative location of the seed. Proximal means that the seed is located closer to the top than it is to the farthest edge of the wing when you consider the entire samara. ATHELP38.jpg€ Central ˙6Variations in the location of the seed are useful features for identifying species that bear samara fruit. Determine the relative location of the seed. Central means that the seed is located more or less at equal distances from the top and the farthest edge of the wing when you consider the entire samara. ATHELP38.jpg€ 1.0 - 2.5 mm fFruit length is measured from the point of attachment of the fruit to the opposite end of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 mm eFruit length is measured from the point of attachment of the fruit to the opposite end of fthe fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 5.1 - 7.5 mm dFruit length is measured from the point of attachment of the fruit to the opposite end of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 7.6 - 15.0 mm dFruit length is measured from the point of attachment of the fruit to the opposite end of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 15.1 - 25.0 mm dFruit length is measured from the point of attachment of the fruit to the opposite end of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ > 25.0 mm dFruit length is measured from the point of attachment of the fruit to the opposite end of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 1.0 - 2.5 mm +Fruit width is measured at the widest part. ATHELP24.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 mm 9 Fruit width is measured at the widest part of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 5.1 - 7.5 mm 9 Fruit width is measured at the widest part of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 7.6 - 15.0 mm 9 Fruit width is measured at the widest part of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ 15.1 - 25.0 mm 9 Fruit width is measured at the widest part of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ > 25.0 mm 9 Fruit width is measured at the widest part of the fruit. ATHELP24.jpg€ < 45 Degrees ›Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. Measure the back angle of the samara. ATHELP25.jpg€ 46 - 80 Degrees ›Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. Measure the back angle of the samara. ATHELP25.jpg€ 81 - 100 Degrees ›Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. Measure the back angle of the samara. ATHELP25.jpg€ 101 - 160 Degrees ›Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. Measure the back angle of the samara. ATHELP25.jpg€ 161 - 180 Degrees or Greater ›Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. Measure the back angle of the samara. ATHELP25.jpg€Smooth +Surface is smooth with no hairs or glands. athelp95.jpg€Hairy RSurface covered with short, soft hairs. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. athelp95.jpg€Prickly GA fruit is covered with VERY stiff hairs that can be felt when rubbed. athelp95.jpg€Woody óWoody fruit is not moveable when squeezed, and the entire fruit or parts of it are inflexible or marginally flexible when bent. The woody components of the fruit are opaque (can not see through) when viewed through bright light like the sun. athelp95.jpg€Hardy Rubber Tree€ Yellowish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Orangish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Reddish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Pinkish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Brownish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Purplish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Blackish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Greenish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Tannish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€Wintercreeper or Euonymous€Beech€Weeping Forsythia€ White Ash€Kentucky Coffeetree€Carolina Silverbell€ Witch-hazel€American Hydrangea€Japanese Walnut€ Black Walnut€Privet€Sweetgum€ Tuliptree€ Osage-Orange€Bigleaf Magnolia€ Crabapple€Common or Wild Apple€ Red Mulberry€ Hop-Hornbeam€Amur Cork Tree€O Anacardiaceae€Sycamore€Northern Cottonwood€ Sweet Cherry€ Common Pear€Waxy gSurface is covered with waxy deposit that is usually white giving the fruit an overall dull coloration. athelp95.jpg€ White Oak€Pin Oak€ Willow Oak€Papery éPapery fruit is not moveable when squeezed, but the entire fruit or parts of it are flexible when bent. Often the papery components of the fruit are fairly translucent (can see through) when viewed through bright light like the sun. athelp95.jpg€Leathery éLeathery fruit is semi-movable when squeezed, and the entire fruit or parts of it are flexible when bent. The leathery components of the fruit are not translucent (can not see through) when viewed through bright light like the sun. athelp95.jpg€ Shumard Oak€Sumac€PCatalpa€Black or Yellow Locust€Babylon Weeping Willow€Common Sassafras€ Common Lilac€Common or European Linden€ American Elm€Blackhaw Viburnum€ Zelkova Tree€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€$ Alternate šThere is only one leaf at each node. Leaves are spaced out right and then further up on the left on the twig, then on the right in a repeating pattern. ATHELP29.jpg€$Opposite A Leaves are attached to the twig directly acoss from one another. ATHELP29.jpg€$Whorled CMore than two leaves are attached to the node region of the twig. ATHELP29.jpg€%Simple LA simple leaf has only one blade associated with it. There are no leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€%Compound qA compound leaf has the appearance of more than one leaf connected to a bud. These leaves are actually leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PEuonymus€P Forsythia€P Hamamelis€P Hydrangea€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€;Reddish ŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg€;Greenish ŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg€; Yellowish ŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg€;Creamish ŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg€;Whitish ŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg€;Pinkish ŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg€;Purplish ŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Juglandaceae €OHamamelidaceae €O Bignoniaceae €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€'Pinnate ˘In the pinnate vein pattern there is one main vein running the length of the leaf with numerous secondary veins branching off to form a feather shaped pattern . ATHELP2.jpg€'Palmate ĚIn the palmate pattern there are three or more main veins that come out from the base of the leaf. This pattern resembles fingers extending from your palm. Smaller veins branch off from the main veins. ATHELP2.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€( Acuminate +Having a very long, slender, sharp point. ATHELP3.jpg€(Acute :Having a pointed tip with an angle less than 90 degrees. ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€(Obtuse OHaving a blunt tip, with the sides forming an angle of more than 90 degrees. ATHELP3.jpg€(Rounded Having a tip that is curved. ATHELP3.jpg€(Truncate Having a tip that looks flat. ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€)Acute =D:BEA8Cق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق# FRUIT SURFACE!The outside texture of the fruit. ATHELP95.jpg8_9:cd;ق˙˙ق˙˙ق COMPOUND LEAFLET CHARACTERISTICSLA compound leaf consists of more than one blade. These blades are leaflets. ATHELP1.JPG9ق˙˙قLEAFLET BLADE LENGTH:The leaflet blade length extends from its base to its tip. ATHELP8.jpgčéęëقLEAFLET BLADE WIDTHƒThe leaflet blade is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaflet (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP8.jpgíîďđق˙˙ق˙˙ق LEAFLET APEX1The leaflet apex is the tip of the leaflet blade. ATHELP3.jpgyzق LEAFLET BASE"The bottom of the leaflet blade. ATHELP4.jpg‚ƒ„…†ˆقLEAFLET MARGIN= The leaflet margin is the outside edge of the leaflet blade.‹˜ق˙˙قGENERAL LEAF CHARACTERISTICS3Leaves can be very helpful in tree identification. Athelp71.jpg%$قTWIG CHARACTERISTICSA twig is thin branch. athelp80.jpg-قTRUNK BARK CHARACTERISTICS(The bark is the outer layer of the tree.5قFLOWER CHARACTERISTICSUMake sure the flowers are mature and open. They usually last for one to two weeks.Y;قFRUIT CHARACTERISTICSeFruits develop from the ovaries of flowers. A fruit can help identify a tree a little more quickly. ATHELPC4.jpg ?قLEAF ARRANGEMENTŒLeaf arrangement pertains to the number of leaves attached to the node region of the twig and how these leaves are placed to one another. ATHELP29.jpg‚ƒ„Ů‚LEAF COMPLEXITY˙Leaves are usually green, flattened structures that are formed at a node as an outgrowth of a stem. Find a bud that is not at the very end of the branch. Looking at the area from the bud to the top portion of the leaf is how a simple or compound leaf is idenified. ATHELP1.jpg…†Ů‚˙˙ق[SIMPLE LEAF VENATIONÝA simple leaf has only one blade. Venation refers to the pattern of arrangement of the veins within the leaf blade. These patterns are visible on the under side of leaves or if you hold the leaf up to a light or the sun. ATHELP2.jpgşťŮ‚[SIMPLE LEAF APEXIA simple leaf has only one blade. The apex is the tip of the leaf blade. ATHELP3.jpgžżÂĂÄق[SIMPLE LEAF BASE€A simple leaf has only one blade. The base of a leaf is the lower part of the leaf blade near where it attaches to the petiole. ATHELP4.jpgČÉĘËÍق[SIMPLE LEAF MARGINE The leaf margin is the side of the outside edge of the leaf blade . ATHELPC1.jpgĐŐ`ق[SIMPLE LEAF UPPER SURFACE„Look at the top surface of the leaf blade. Gently rub the leaf between your fingers to determine if the texture is smooth or rough.ßáق˙˙ق UNUSUAL TWIG CHARACTERISTICS5Thin outer branches with distinctive characteristics. ATHELP33.jpg 'ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق!TRUNK BARK TEXTURE\The trunk bark texture is how it feels. Make sure to check the top and bottom of the tree. ATHELP15.jpg4><65ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙قLEAFLET LOWER SURFACE?Feel the bottom of the leaflet to see if it is smooth or rough.ŁĽق˙˙ق" FLOWER COLORŘMake sure the flowers are mature and open but not going to seed. Most trees have mature flowers for one to two consecutive weeks annually. USE CAUTION: immature flowers may not be the same color as mature flowers. hcolor.jpg ž™[œ›šŸŚق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق#SAMARA FEATUREScA samara fruit is a wing-like structure that contains one or two seeds that have a soft seed coat. ATHELPC5.jpg ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق[SIMPLE LEAF LOWER SURFACE‡Look at the bottom surface of the leaf blade. Gently rub the leaf between your fingers to determine if the texture is smooth or rough.ق˙˙قTRUNK BRANCHINGRThe main tree stem extending from the ground. It divides into the upper branches. ATHELP96.jpg%&قFAMILIES~If you are SURE that you know the family to which your specimen belongs, coding this feature can greatly speed up the process.OZGMŤ=^]Â;ÁPŞC_ŠE÷@IgĂF?eD&HfقGENERA}If you are SURE that you know the genus to which your specimen belongs, coding this feature can greatly speed up the process./Y[ÖšŁNgź•\XżQTÇ‘’JńžĚ˝UWŃŸaŐ§VŇRɜĔZSóŔق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق"FLOWER SYMMETRYŠIf a line is drawn from the tip of a petal through the center of the flower and both sides are the same, they are said to be symmetrical. athelp72.jpgق˙˙قSIMPLE LEAF CHARACTERISTICS#A simple leaf has only one blade. ATHELP1.JPG'(*)+Lق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙قPETIOLE CHARACTERISTICSUThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem. ATHELP71.jpgق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙,\The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees. 1983. Alfred A. Knopf. New York.\The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees. 1996. Alfred A. Knopf. New York.TEyewitness Handbooks Trees. 1992. Coombes A. J. Dorling Kindersley Limited. London.JThe Families of Flowering Plants. 1973. Hutchinson, J. Oxford Univ. PressFlora of Japan. Ohwi.IFlora of North America. 1997. Torrey and Gray., Oxford University Press.KFlora of the Northeast. 1999. Magee, D. W. Univ. Mass. Press. Amherst, MA>The Glory of the Tree. 1966. Boom, B. and Kleijn. Doubleday.[Gray's Manual of Botany. 1950. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. Dioscorides Press. Portland, OR.NHow To Identify Flowering Plant Families. 1982. Baumgardt, J. P. Timber PressWThe Illustrated Book of Trees. 1983. Grimm, W. C. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA.nThe Illustrated Flora of Illinois. 1980. Mohlenbrock, R. H. Southern Illinois Univ. Press. Carbondale, IL.^Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern U.S. and Adjacent Canada. Vol. 12. 1952. Gleason, H. A.cManual of Cultivated Broad Leaved Trees and Shrubs. 1984. Krussmann, G. Timber Press. Portland ORUManual of Cultivated Plants. 1949. Bailey, Liberty H. Macmillan Publ. Co. New York.MManual of the Trees of North America. 1905. Sargent, C. S., Dover Publ. NY.VManual of the Trees of North America. 1922. Sargent, C. S., Houghton Mifflin Co. NY.lManual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1968. Radford, A.E. Univ. N. Carolina Press. Chapel Hill. NC‡Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 1991. Gleason and Cronquist. New York Botanical Garden. NYbManual of Woody Landscape Plants. 1998. Dirr Michael A. Stipes Publishing L.L.C. Champaign, IL."Michigan Trees. Barnes and WagnerxThe New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern Unived States and Adjacent Canada. 1956. Gleason H. A.%North American Trees. Preston, R. J.Oxford Book of Trees.DOxford Encyclopedia of Trees of the World. 1981. Oxford Univ. Press+Peterson's Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs.^The Plants of Pennsylvania. 2000. Rhoads, A. F. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia, PA.@Pruning: A Practical Guide. 1993. McHay, P. Abbeville Press. NY&Shrubs of Indiana. 1932. Deam, C. C.WTaxonomy of Flowering Plants. 1967. Porter, C. L.. W.H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco.uTextbook of Dendrology. 1991. Harlow, W.M, E.S. Harrar, J.W. Hardin, and F. M. White. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York.KTextbook of Dendrology. 2001. Hardin, J. W. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York.MTrees of Indiana. 1953. Deom, C. C. The Bookwalter Co. Inc. Indianapolis, INDTrees of North America and Europe. 1978. Phillips, R. Random HousepTrees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. Farrar, John Laird. Iowa State University Press. Ames.3Tree, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Kansas. Stephens.LVascular Plant Taxonomy. 1988. Walters D. C. and D. J. Keil. Hunt Publ. Co.˜The Woody Plants of Ohio Trees, Shrubs and Woody Climbers, Native, Naturalized and Escaped. 1961. Braun, E.L. Ohio State University Press. Columbus OH)http://www.arborday.org/trees/treeID.html/http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/forsite/idtree.htmAhttp://forestry.about.com/library/treekey/bltree_key_is_start.htm*http://hms.d70.k12.il.us/library/tree.html,http://mbgnet.mobot.org/sets/temp/leafid.htm!http://woodyplants.nres.uiuc.edu/9˙˙ CXItemname…Alder, Common, Black, European>ƒApple, Common or Wild>ƒ Ash, White>ƒBeech>ƒBirch, River or Red>ƒ]Buckeye, Ohio or Fetid>ƒD Catalpa Tree>ƒCherry, Sweet or Mazzard>ƒRCork Tree, Amur>ƒdCornelian Cherry>ƒ3Cottonwood, Northern>ƒ‰Crabapple, Japanese Flowering.>ƒcDogwood, Flowering>ƒ5 Elm, American>ƒyEuonymus, Wintercreeper>ƒnForsythia, Weeping>ƒA Fringe-Tree>ƒ7 Hackberry>ƒHackberry, Sugar; Sugarberry>ƒ;Hardy Rubber Tree>ƒHickory>ƒ1#Hop-Hornbeam, American; or Ironwood>ƒ2Hornbeam, American>ƒmHydrangea, American>ƒNKentucky Coffeetree>ƒ@ Lilac, Common>ƒ\Linden, Common or European>ƒQLocust, Black or Yellow>ƒGMagnolia, Bigleaf>ƒXMaple, Japanese>ƒMaple, Sugar or Hard>ƒWMaple, Sycamore or Planetree>ƒs Mulberry, Red>ƒ*Oak, Pin>ƒ, Oak, Shumard>ƒ Oak, White>ƒ. Oak, Willow>ƒ: Osage-Orange>ƒePawpaw>ƒ Pear, Common>ƒPecan>ƒj#Privet, European or Common; or Prim>ƒ†1Russian Olive, Oleaster, Wild Olive, Silver Berry>ƒJSassafras, Common>ƒ‡Silverbell, Carolina>ƒ„Sumac, Staghorn>ƒ'Sweetgum; Redgum; Sapgumm; Starleaf-gum>ƒSycamore>ƒaTree-of-Heaven>ƒ&Tuliptree; Yellow Poplar; Tulip-poplar>ƒViburnum, Blackhaw>ƒ Walnut, Black>ƒWalnut, Japanese>ƒ%Washington Hawthorn; Washington Thorn>ƒtWillow, Babylon Weeping>ƒS Witch-hazel>ƒ8 Zelkova Tree9>ƒXpalmatum>ƒWpseudoplatanus>ƒ saccharum>ƒ]glabra>ƒa altissima>ƒ… glutinosa>ƒetriloba>ƒnigra>ƒ2 caroliniana>ƒ illinoensis>ƒovata>ƒDspeciosa>ƒ7 occidentalis>ƒA virginicus>ƒcflorida>ƒdmas>ƒlavallei>ƒ phaenopyrum>ƒ† angustifolia>ƒ;ulmoides>ƒyfortunii>ƒ grandifolia>ƒnsuspensa>ƒ americana>ƒNdioicus>ƒ‡ tetraptera>ƒS virginiana>ƒm arborescens>ƒ ailantifolia>ƒnigra>ƒjvulgare>ƒ styraciflua>ƒ tulipifera>ƒ:pomifera>ƒG macrophylla>ƒ‰ floribunda>ƒ sylvestris>ƒsrubra>ƒ1 virginiana>ƒRamurense>ƒ occidentalis>ƒ3 deltoides>ƒavium>ƒcommunis>ƒ alba>ƒ* palustris>ƒ.phellos>ƒ, Shumardii>ƒ„typhina>ƒQ pseudoacacia>ƒt babylonica>ƒJalbidum>ƒ@vulgaris>ƒ\europaea>ƒ5 americana>ƒ prunifolium>ƒ8serrata›˙˙ CXItemrecFraxinus americana FACOM.jpg,647347376439162ąƒAcer saccharum ASCOM.jpg,57970336414134ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙SFagus grandifolia, American Beech Distinguishing Characteristics: Leaves have more than 10 pairs of pinnate veins and the leaf margin is blatantly serrate. The bark is a smooth gray, the twigs are in a zigzag pattern. Buds are spindle like. This slow-growing, common, deciduous tree reaches its greatest size in the alluvial soils of the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys and may attain ages of 300 to 400 years. Beech mast is palatable to a large variety of birds and mammals, including mice, squirrels, chipmunks, black bear, deer, foxes, ruffed grouse, ducks, and blue jays. Beech wood is excellent for turning and steam bending. It wears well, is easily treated with preservatives, and is used for flooring, furniture, veneer, and containers. It is especially favored for fuel wood because of its high density and good burning qualities. Creosote made from beech wood is used internally and externally as a medicine for various human and animal disorders. Data from Sylvics of North America (www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual) Information provided by Alison Boutin, October 9, 2002 FGCOM.jpg,380325226276268ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ3˙Juglans nigra Native from New England all the way through Texas. A large deciduous tree, it grows between 50 and 75 feet tall. Distinguishing characteristics: pinnately compound leaves are 1 to 2 feet long with up to 23 leaflets. Leaflets are finely serrate and 3 to 3.5 inches long. The leaves emit an odor when crushed. Male flowers are single stemmed catkins. Female flowers on short spikes near end of twig[1]. Flowers are present April to June. Twig is stout with short buds. The fruit is a semi-fleshy nut. The meat is edible when it matures from September to October. Bark is dark brown-gray to dark brown-black. with rounded ridges and furrows forming moderatly think uneven plates. This wood is rated as one of the most durable woods, even in conditions favorable to decay. Major uses: furniture, cabinets, gunstocks, novelties, interior paneling, and veneer[2]. The grain is very straight, and easily is easy to work with hand tools and machines. It takes paint and stain well, and glues and polishes well[2]. This tree is difficult to transplant and prefers moist, well-drained soil. They are used for food, fruit, lawn trees, and to fill parks and wide open spaces[1]. The fruit is known to be messy. Information provided by Lindsey Potter, 2002. [1] http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/jnigra.htm [2] http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/TechSheets/HardwoodNA/htmlDocs/juglans2.html JNCOM.jpg,358428222253200ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ#,˙ďQuercus alba Is a native species found in upland forests preferring western facing slopes[4]. Distinguishing Characteristics: The leaves are obovate-oblong 10-20 cm long. They are 3-4 paired lobes with entire or sparsely toothed lobes [3]. The underside of the leaf is pubescent when young then becomes glabrous with a bluish to grey-green color. The fruits are acorns about ź covered with a cap. The young shoots are pubescent [3]. Major Uses: Ornamental. Food for wildlife [2]. It is also a highly prized lumber for furniture, veneer, paneling, flooring, and railroad ties, fence posts, mine timbers, ships, and caskets. It is currently the major source of wood for whiskey barrels [5]. The white oak can live upwards of 600 years [3]. Information provided by Christine Craig, 2002. 1. http://www.forestworld.com 2. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaf Trees and Shrubs Vol. 1. 1978. Gerd Krussmann. Timber Press. 3. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaf Trees and Shrubs Vol.3. 1978. Gerd Krussmann. Timber Press. 4. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada Second Edition. 1991. Gleason & Cronquist. The New York Botanical Garden. 5. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/quealb/index.html QACOM.jpg,382686226288256ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ/( ˙m Platanus occidentalis This is a native tree of North America with a range from southwestern Maine west to New York, extreme southern Ontario, central Michigan, and southern Wisconsin; south in Iowa and eastern Nebraska to eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and south-central Texas; east to northwestern Florida and southeastern Georgia. It is also found in the mountains of northeastern Mexico. In general, this tree grows best on sandy loams or loam with a good supply of ground water, typically on the edges of lakes and streams where summer water tables drop enough to permit soil aeration during the growing season[1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Large tree up to 35 m in height and 200 cm in diameter. Bark of the tree is smooth and brownish which exfoliates in jigsaw puzzle shaped pieces to expose green, cream-colored, or white inner bark. Bark is dark brown and scaly at the base of mature trees. Leaves are 10-20 cm long, slightly wider, simple and alternate with 3 to 5 palmate lobes with central lobe wider than it is long, are coarsely toothed, and are prominently 3-veined. Persistent stipules are prominent in the spring. Buds are bluntly coned-shaped, 6-10 mm long, reddish, covered with a single scale enclosed in the base of the leaf stalk until after leaf fall. No terminal bud; end bud originates as lateral bud[2]. Staminate and pistillate flowers are separate but appear on the same tree on different shoots. Staminate flowers are small, yellowish-green, and in clusters along the twigs. The pistillate flowers are larger, crimson, long-stalked and appear in ball like clusters near the shoot tips. Fruits are held in a solitary ball-like aggregate 20-35 mm across that hang from 8-16 mm long stalks. Fruits are achenes and they are small, one seeded, and elongated with stiff brownish hairs at the base[3]. Major Uses: Sometimes a pioneer tree on upland old- field sites, especially in the central part of its range. It has become a favored species for use in intensively cultured "biomass farms" in the southeastern United States that use the coppice growth for fiber. It is valuable for timber and it is also planted as a shade tree because of its distinctive white exfoliating bask and broad dense crown[4]. Poet William Cullen Bryant wrote about this tree: "And plane tree's speckled arms o'er shoot/ The swifter current that mines its root"[5]. Information provided by Jon Tyson. [1] http: www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/platanus/occidentalis.htm [2] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press [3] ] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press [4] http: www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/platanus/occidentalis.htm [5] Family Field Guides. Trees: North American Trees Identified by Leaf, Bark & Seed.1997. Steven M.L. Aronson. Workman Publishing POCOM.jpg,456632230236ąƒ. ˙ Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum grows from Connecticut southward throughout the East to central Florida and eastern Texas. It is found as far west as Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma and north to southern Illinois. It also grows in scattered locations in northwestern and central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Distinguishing Characteristics: Sweetgum is monoecious. The small, greenish flowers bloom from March to early May, depending on latitude and weather conditions. Both the staminate and pistillate flowers occur in heads. The staminate inflorescences are racemes; the solitary pistillate flowers are globose heads that form the multiple heads, 2.5 to 3.8 cm (1 to 1.5 in) in diameter, of small, two-celled capsules. The lustrous green color of the fruiting heads fades to yellow as maturity is reached in September to November. The beaklike capsules open at this time, and the small winged seeds, one or two per capsule, are then readily disseminated by wind. However, the seed balls can be safely collected for seed extraction several weeks before ball discoloration occurs without harming the seed. Empty fruiting heads often remain on the trees over winter. Bark: Grayish brown, deeply furrowed into broad scaly ridges. Leaves: alternate, simple, and slightly heart-shaped with 5-7 lobed divisions, finely serrate with rounded appressed teeth; bright green and smooth above; paler below. Sweetgum is used principally for lumber, veneer, plywood, slack cooperage, railroad ties, fuel, and pulpwood. The lumber is made into boxes and crates, furniture, radio-, television-, and phonograph cabinets, interior trim, and millwork. The veneer and plywood are used for boxes, pallets, crates, baskets, and interior woodwork. Sweetgum is also called redgum, sapgum, starleaf-gum, or bilsted, it is a common bottom-land species of the South where it grows biggest and is most abundant in the lower Mississippi Valley. This moderate to rapidly growing tree often pioneers in old fields and logged areas in the uplands and Coastal Plain and may develop in a nearly pure stand. Sweetgum is one of the most important commercial hardwoods in the Southeast and the handsome hard wood is put to a great many uses, one of which is veneer for plywood. The small seeds are eaten by birds, squirrels, and chipmunks. It is sometimes used as a shade tree. Information provided by Kevin Stake, 2002. LSCOM.jpg,453485233240ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ1 ˙Liriodendron tulipifera Native to eastern North America (from Vermont west through southern Ontario and Michigan, south to Louisiana, and east to northern Florida) growing in open areas, coves, lower slopes, and disturbed sites [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Palmately veined, orbicular, 4-lobed leaves with entire margin. Showy flowers with yellow-green petals and an orange corolla. Oblong, 1-winged, 4-angled samaras. Stipules are large and encircle the twig. Twigs have a sweet, spicy odor when broken. Sapsucker holes are common on bark of older trees [1]. Major Uses: Ornamental. Wood is commercially important for its soft and workable quality for interiors of furniture, plywood cores, veneer, and composite products [2]. Reclamation of mining sites and crop fields. Most nitrogen-demanding of all trees [2]. Susceptible to a number of leaf diseases and insects, such as aphids which produce honeydew making the tree undesirable in urban areas. Historical values include medicinal uses as worming medicine, antiarthritic, cough syrup, cholera remedy, and heart stimulants. Information provided by Kristin Bush, 2002. [1] http:// www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/ltulipifera.htm [2] http://www.treeguide.com/Species.asp?SpeciesID=581&Region=North American LTCOM.jpg,436489253222244ąƒ ˙ŰBetula nigra, Betulaceae Black Birch Distinguishing Characteristics: The bark is papery with a white outer color and a red to salmon inner color. Twigs are brown, pubescent, the pith is homogenous and the buds imbricate. Leaves like most birch are simple, alternate, pinnately veined, and double serrated with a lustrous and glabrous topside. The primary range of river birch is the southeastern quarter of the United States. Scattered populations are found along rivers and streams as far north as southern Minnesota, central Wisconsin, and the middle New England States. The tree's beauty makes it an important ornamental, especially at the northern and western extremes of its natural range. Because of its tolerance to acid soils, river birch has been used successfully in strip mine reclamation. It has also been used in erosion control. Its graceful form, attractive bark, and high resistance to the bronze birch borer make it desirable for ornamental planting. River birch is used mainly for local enterprises such as the manufacture of inexpensive furniture, basket hoops, and turned articles. Experiments in North Carolina did not indicate that it is desirable for commercial pulpwood production, but naturally occurring merchantable-sized trees are often harvested for pulpwood when mixed with other bottomland hardwoods. Strength of the wood makes it suitable for the manufacture of artificial limbs and children's toys. "The most beautiful of American trees" is what Prince Maximilian thought of river birch when he toured North America before he became the short-lived Emperor of Mexico. All data from: Sylvics of North America (www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual) Information provided by Alison Boutin, October 9, 2002 BNCOM.jpg,366134224343ąƒ5+Crataegus phaenopyrum CPCOM.jpg,479275290393ąƒ  Carya ovata COCOM.jpg,352178222260204ąƒ( ˙&Carya illinoensis Is native to the United States and was found over wide areas by early settlers in the lower Mississippi Valley [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Leaves are lanceolate to oblanceolate (12 to 20 in.) with 9 to 17 leaflets that are laceolate to ovate usually sickle shaped that are 2 to 7 in. long. Fruit is smooth, winged, and splits all the way to the base along the four wings. Fruits are usually in clusters of 3 to 12 and are ellipsoidal and 1 to 2 in. long. Twigs are reddish brown with orange-brown lenticles. Bark is brown to brownish gray on mature trees. Major Uses: Timber is used for flooring, paneling, and furniture [1]. Is mainly valuable for its fruit and is produced and harvested on a commercial scale. It is the largest of the native hickories and can grow from 110 to 140 ft. It is often found as a scattered tree on moist but well drained ridges in river bottoms. There are more than a hundred horticultural clones that have been listed. It is susceptible to fire damage at all ages. Bark is extremely sensitive to scorching, and hot fires may kill mature trees [2]. Information provided by Christopher Cruz, 2002. [1] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_2/carya/illinoesis.htm [2] Textbook of Dendrology. 2001. Harlow and Harrar. McGraw-Hill Publishing. CICOM.jpg,348176222269ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ'+)Pyrus communis PC1COM.jpg,509683290384ąƒ4Juglans ailantifolia JACOM.jpg,222ąƒ*˙Prunus avium A common orchard tree in the milder parts of Canada; native to Asia Minor[1]. Grows best on the thicker layers of soil over limestone and on deep flushed soils on lower valley slopes[2]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Very small tree; only about 5m in height. Leaves are simple, alternate, obovate, double-toothed, gland-tipped, upper surface is dull dark green with hair beneath at the vein axils. Glands on petioles. Buds are shiny brown, clustered on dwarf shoots, diverging widely from the twig. Flowers are white and showy and borne in small hanging clusters with 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 1 pistil. Fruits are approximately 25 mm across and deep red to black in color[3]. The bark is smooth, reddish or purple brown in color with a metallic copper sheen and large lenticels in bands around the trunk[4]. Major Uses: Used to make furniture, veneers, and paneling. Smokers also like this wood for pipes. Cultivated for its sweet tasting fruit. Birds also love the fruit hence the avium epithet. Grown as an ornamental due to its showy flowers and reddish Autumn foliage color[5]. When burned as firewood, it has the fragrance of cherry blossom. Information provided by Jon Tyson [1] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press [2] http://www.rfs.org.uk/totm/cherry.htm [3] ] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press [4] http://www.rfs.org.uk/totm/cherry.htm [5] http://www.rfs.org.uk/totm/cherry.htm pa1com.jpg,495648282380375ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ$*˙đMalus sylvestris,var domestica - This tree is known throughout the British Isle except Northern Scotland and was Introduced during colonial times. It is found throughout Europe and the United States. Distinguishing characteristics: small deciduous tree. Height: 10 -16 m. Leaves are elliptical, and deep green on the top, and whitish green on the bottom. They are described as abruptly acuminate, cuneate, or rounded. The petiole is very pubescent and dark purple fringed with grey hairs. Bark is dark brown and finely cracked into small square plates. Flowers are white and faintly pink and flower in late May. These flowers provide a valuable nectar source for the manufacturing of honey by bees. The wood is used for carving, inlay work, mallets, and screws. The firewood has a pleasant aroma. The flower from Malus sylvestris is also the state flower of Arkansas and Michigan. Information provided by Lindsey E. Potter. http://www.pennine.demon.co.uk/Aboretum/Masy.htm British-Tress.com pmcom.jpg,491282372ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ!-˙^Quercus palustris Native species to North America. Distinguishing Characteristics. In unpruned species, lower branches slope downwards. The leaves are simple and alternate, with 5-7 lobes and axillary tufts of hair on the underside. The twigs and bud have a reddish brown coloration. Fruit is an almost round nut, with only about ź enclosed by cupule. Major Uses: Ornamental and shade. Utilized for making veneers and railroad ties, and often used for fuel wood. Knots in wood prevent high quality products. Also planted to attract game species such as the wood duck, white tailed deer, and wild turkey [1]. Tolerated urban stress such as street salt, acid rain, and smoke well, so it is often planted in urban areas [2]. Information provided by Kelly Munaretto, 2002. [1] http://plants.usda.gov [2] http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/quepal.html QP1COM.jpg,403697226319252ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ"/Quercus shumardii QSCOM.jpg,408699226313254ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ$.˙ŔQuercus phellos Located from the bottom lands of the Coastal Plain from New Jersey to and southeastern Pennsylvania to Georgia and northern Florida, eastern Texas to southeastern Oklahoma. Also found in Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee. It is commonly found on land along courses of water, flood plain forests and upland swamp areas. This is a medium to large oak tree. Distinguishing characteristics: Male and Female flowers are on separate catkins on the same tree, and they lack petals. Flowering occurs from February to May. Leaves are simple and alternate. They have an acute apex that is bristle-tipped. The twig is very slender. Bark is brown and gets rough with age. The fruit is an acorn. This tree is known rapid growth and long life. Major uses: Very important for lumber and pulp. Very important to wildlife due to heavy acorn production. Deer, squirrels, birds, turkey, and ducks make use of acorns and leaves. This tree is easily transplanted and used heavily in urban areas. This is also a good shade tree so it is planted as an ornamental [1]. Information provided by Lindsey Potter, 2002 [1] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spof/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_2/quercus/phellos.htm QP2COM.jpg,404699226325ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ& ˙ŤOstrya virginiana Found in eastern North America from Nova Scotia to Florida and as far west as North Dakota and Texas [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: leaves are alternate, simple, doubly toothed; fruits are flattened nuts enclosed in clusters of inflated papery sacs covered with stiff hairs; the grayish-brown bark is shaggy in vertical strips. This shade toleant tree is a popular tree in recreational areas. The close-grained wood is heavy, extremely hard, and used for fence posts, golf clubs, tool handles, mallets, and the Lakota people used the wood to make bows [1]. The relative fast juvenile growth is utilized in the restoration of disturbed sites. The small size of the tree makes it commercially unimportant in terms of timber [2]. The buds and catkins are an important winter food source for turkey, grouse, pheasant and rodents [2]. Infromation provided by Jeremy Tibbs, 2002. 1. www.fs.fed.us 2. www.floridata.com OVCOM.jpg,374573224348308ąƒ Carpinus caroliniana CCCOM.jpg,372172224348306ąƒ )˙pPopulus deltoides Native tree of North America occurring frequently on moist well-drained sands or silts near streams. It grows from southern Quebec westward into North Dakota and southwestern Manitoba, south to central Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia.[1] Distinguishing Characteristics: Leaves simple and alternate, triangular in shape, with a taper pointed tip. Approximately 20-25 coarse teeth per side with no teeth on the tip or near the stalk. Upper surface of the leaf is bright shiny green with a paler underside. Petiole is flattened with glands present near the junction. Terminal buds are about 20 mm in length, slender, yellowish-brown and very resinous[2]. Flowers occur from February to April before leaves appear. Male flowers are 8-13 cm long, have 40-60 stamens and are reddish in color. Female flowers are slightly longer at 15-30 cm and less conspicuous in color than the males. Seeds develop in 3-4 valved capsules on short stalks on long catkins[3]. Major Uses: Frequently planted to provide quick shade near homes. Also is used for soil stabilization especially along stream or ditch banks. Is being used as cattle feed since it is a good source of cellulose relatively free of undesirable components such as tannins[4]. Can be and is, used for wood pulp in the paper industry. Information provided by Jon Tyson. [1] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume _2/ populus/deltoides .htm [2] Trees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. John Laird Farrar. Iowa State University Press. [3] http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume _2/ populus/deltoides .htm [4] ibid PDCOM.jpg,322639218367ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ 6˙7 Ulmus americana American elm is a native tree found throughout Eastern North America. Its range is from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, west to central Ontario, southern Manitoba, and southeastern Saskatchewan; south to extreme eastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, western Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma into central Texas; east to central Florida; and north along the entire east coast. Distinguishing Characteristics: Leave are in 2 rows; 7.5 - 15 cm long, elliptical, abruptly long-pointed, base rounded with sides unequal; doubly saw-toothed; with many straight parallel side veins; thin; dark green and usually hairless or slightly rough above, paler and usually with soft hairs beneath; turning bright yellow in autumn. Bark: light gray; deeply furrowed into broad, forking, scaly ridges. Twigs: brownish, slender, and hairless. Flowers: 3 (mm) wide; greenish; clustered along twigs in early spring. Fruit: 10 - 12 mm long; elliptical flat 1-seeded samaras, with wing hairy on edges, deeply notched with points curved inward; long-stalked; maturing in early spring. Major uses: The wood of American elm is moderately heavy, hard, and stiff. It has interlocked grain and is difficult to split, which is an advantage for its use as hockey sticks and where bending is needed. It is used principally for furniture, hardwood dimension, flooring, construction and mining timbers, and sheet metal work. Some elm wood goes into veneer for making boxes, crates, and baskets, and a small quantity is used for pulp and paper manufacture. American elm (Ulmus americana), also known as white elm, water elm, soft elm, or Florida elm, is most notable for its susceptibility to the wilt fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi. Commonly called Dutch elm disease, this wilt has had a tragic impact on American elms. Scores of dead elms in the forests, shelterbelts, and urban areas are testimony to the seriousness of the disease. Because of it, American elms now comprise a smaller percentage of the large diameter trees in mixed forest stands than formerly. Before the advent of Dutch elm disease, American elm was prized for its use as a street tree. It was fast growing, hardy, tolerant to stress, and appreciated for its characteristic vase like crown. Beautiful shaded streets in many cities attested to its popularity. Information provided by Kevin Stake, 2002. UACOM.jpg,419870231240354ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ ˙"Celtis occidentalis is a species native to the Midwest US. It can be found as a small shrub in drier climates, but it is usually found as a tall tree. A Celtis occidentalis can grow to 130 feet tall under the right conditions. They have alternate simple leaves that are 2 to 5 inches long with apical serrated and basal entire margins. The fruit is a round, deep red/purple - black drupe with a thin sweet edible pulp around the seed. The fruit can be about ź to 1/3 of an inch around. The wood is of a medium hardness and strength. It is sometimes used for the manufacture of cheap furniture; mostly it is used for firewood because it has a Btu value close to Carya. Many bird and small animals eat the fruit, which hangs on to the tree into winter. Information provided by Jared Baker, 2002 CO1COM.jpg,414192231246362ąƒ88Zelkova serrata ZSCOM.jpg,426934231361ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ%! ˙OMaclura pomifera Is a native tree found in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, and Louisiana [3]. Distinguishing Characteristics: Simple, alternate, serrate, acuminate tip, ovate, 5-12 cm long leaves with a milky latex [4]. The plant is dioecious with simple, inconspicuous, green 4 parted flowers and male auxiliary, 2.5-3.8 cm, racemes [3]. The globose fruit, 8-14 cm, is a multiple fruit of green 1 seeded drupes [3]. The fruit is not edible [5]. The twigs are thorny [5]. Major Uses: ornamental, root extracts for pesticides, food processing, and dye making [2]. Macluria pomifera has the greatest number of planted trees in North America than any other [2]. It also was used as fence lines leading to the invention of barb wire [2]. Following barb wire it became the major of fence posts that fenced in the west [2]. Information provided by: Christine Craig, 2002. 2. http://www.forestworld.com 3. http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/htm 4. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs Volume 1. 1977. Krussman, Gerd. Timber Press. 5. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs Volume 2. 1977. Krussman, Gerd. Timber Press. 6. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada Second Edition. 1991. Gleason , Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur. The New York Botanical Garden. MPCOM.jpg,429504236249408ąƒ!Eucommia ulmoides EUCOM.jpg,311ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ4#˙áSyringa vulgaris Common lilac is native of Europe, introduced and naturalized in the United States; escapes from cultivation form New York to North Dakota. Distinguishing characteristics: Member of the Olive family (Oleaceae). Lilac is an introduced, perennial, deciduous shrub that can grow between 12- 16 feet tall. The leaves are simple, ovate to broadly ovate, and five to twelve centimeters long. The flowers are mostly white, lilac, or purple, pleasantly fragrant in long terminal panicles. The fruit capsules are 1 to 1.5 centimeters long with flat winged seeds. Major Uses: A green dye is retrieved from the flowers and the leaves and a yellow -orange dye is obtained from the twigs. An essential oil is obtained from the flowers and used in perfume. The bark and leaves has been chewed as a treatment for sore mouth. The Common lilac should be planted in areas with good air circulation to reduce problems with powdery mildew. Information provided by Kevin Stake, 2002. SVCOM.jpg,828376187ąƒ $˙‚Chionanthus virginicus Native to Eastern half of United States. Distinguishing Characteristics: This species may either be a tree or a shrub. White terminal flowers, pleasantly fragrant, in clusters form 4- 6 inches long. Female trees produces oval shaped drupes, dark bluish in color approximately 1 inch long. Opposite, simple, pinnately-veined leaf. Elliptical in shape with an entire margin [1]. Major Uses: Widespread ornamental use, although expensive due to difficulties in propagation. A good ornamental due to tolerance of air pollution and adaptability to urban settings, although moist soil is preferable [2]. No commercial uses. This species has developed a common name of "Grancey Graybeard" due to it's cascade like blooms which resemble that of an old mans white beard [3]. Information provided by Greg Dutton, 2002. [1] Hugh Johnson's Encyclopedia of trees: completely revised and expanded to include a newly illustrated A-Z index of tree species. 1990. Johnson, Hugh. Portland House [2] http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/c/chivir/chivir3.html [3] http://www.streetside.com/plants/floridata/ref/c/chionan.htm CVCOM.jpg,644212376ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ '˙(Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. Northern catalpa Distinguishing Characteristics: Leaves are cordate shaped in whorls of three with no terminal buds showing. Fruit is a distinctive cigar shaped terminal capsule. The fruit has many winged seeds inside. Originally native to the lower Ohio River valley and central Mississippi River Valley, this tree has been widely distributed through human intervention. Farmers first brought it into Ohio, commonly using it for fence posts. By way of intentional planting and "escapes" this tree has become established in most of Ohio's counties. People also have planted the Northern Catalpa as an ornamental tree for its showy, spring flowers. The wood, mostly used for fence posts, also has been used for railroad ties, cheap furniture, and interior finish. This is the favored food-plant of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth, which sometimes strips a tree of its leaves. Data from: http://www.oplin.lib.oh.us/products/tree/fact%20pages/catalpa/catalpa.html Information provided by Alison Boutin, October 9, 2002 CSCOM.jpg,664183405449188ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ" ˙Magnolia macrophylla Native to the southeastern U.S from Kentucky to Florida. This species had the largest simple leaf of any dicotyledonous tree in North America [1]. Distinguishing Characteristics: The leaves can be from 12-32 inches long, and 7-12 inches wide and do not change color in fall. Large flowers are produced ranging from 8-12 inches wide with an ivory color and rose tint at the base of the flower. Fruits are in conelike aggregates and are called follicles that have a pinkish- red color, and are approximately 3 inches long. Major Uses: Some use as a shade tree. Due to a lack of urban tolerance and slow decomposition of leaves, causing a great deal of leaf litter, ornamental use has been slim [2]. This tree is currently listed as endangered in both Arkansas and Ohio [1]. Although generally considered deciduous, it may be semi- evergreen in the deep South [2]. Information provided by Greg Dutton, 2002. [1] www.forestry.state.al.us/publication/100/Bigleaf%20Magnolia.pdf [2] hort.ifas.ufl.edu/trees/MAGMACA.pdf MFCOM.jpg,439253222ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ+3,Sassafras albidium SA1COM.jpg,450783264227242ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ0˙"Caesalpiniaceae Gymnocladus Dioicus: A.K.A.: Kentucky coffee tree. Native to Midwestern North America. It grows in bottomlands, ravines, and lower slopes of the Appalachian Mountains from western New York and western Pennsylvania, west to southern Wisconsin, and south through Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, eastern Oklahoma and northern Louisiana. Usually scattered and rather uncommon in the wild. The leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound, very large 1 to 3 feet long, with numerous 1 1/2 to 2 inch, ovate leaflets with entire margins. Flowers are dioecious, males and females in long 3 to 4 inch branched clusters, whitish, appearing May to June. Fruits are reddish-brown, flattened, thickened pod, 3 to 8 inches long, 1 1/2 to 2 inches wide, contains 6 or more, dark brown seeds imbedded in a sticky pulp. Twigs are very stout, light brown with whitish patches, large heart-shaped leaf scar, salmon colored pith, and buds small and sunken. Bark is dark grayish-brown, scaly, developing deep fissures with scaly ridges. It is well suited as a lawn tree because it is attractive in all seasons and casts only light shade in summer. Kentucky coffee tree is useful as an urban tree and for street plantings since it is very tolerant of air pollution, salt and drought. Female trees are, however, messy in fall when they drop their pods. Male cultivars, which do not produce pods, are becoming available in the trade. The reddish brown wood is hard, durable and very attractive when finished and polished. It is used in cabinet making. Early settlers made a coffee substitute from the roasted seeds. Native Americans used infusions of the roots and bark as a laxative. The name, Gymnocladus, means "naked branch." Although the roasted seeds were once used as a substitute for coffee, the raw seeds are poisonous. It has been reported that cattle have been poisoned from drinking water into which seedpods have fallen. Information provided by Justin Makii, 2002 [1]http://www.floridata.com/ref/g/gymn_dio.cfm [2] http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/gdioicus.htm GDCOM.jpg,524364304391212ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ13Robinia pseudoacacia RPCOM.jpg,526753298392216ąƒ'4˙ËPhellodendron amurense This tree was introduced to the United States from Asia prior to 1874 [1]. It is native to China, Manchuria, and Japan. Known to escape from cultivation, this tree is found in suburban and urban fringe forests in New York and Pennsylvania [1]. It naturalizes in minimally managed areas. Distinguishing Characteristics: Long pinnately compound leaves (10 to 15 cm) with 5 to 11 leaflets. Crushed leaves give off an odor resembling turpentine. Pea sized, clustered fruits that change from green to black, and smell good when crushed. Grows to be 30 to 40 feet tall with one short main trunk, and several large main branches. Bark tends to be very corky. Flowers are small and greenish-yellow. At maturity, the tree looks flat topped. The twigs lack terminal buds. Major uses: shade tree, ornamental. The tree is typically wider than it is tall. It is best to plant male trees, because the fruit from females is a litter problem. It tends to self sow, and is easy to transplant. It is tolerant of many soil types and pH levels [2]. Information provided by Lindsey Potter, 2002 [1] http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/alert/alrtphel.html [2] http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/p/pheamu/pheamu3.html PACOM.jpg,584310171ąƒ75 ˙4Hamamelis virginiana - Common Witch-hazel Native to eastern and central United States. It is a deciduous small tree or large shrub. It is nearly as wide as it is tall, has an irregular shape, and is multi-stemmed. Distinguishing characteristics: Smooth gray to gray brown bark. Leaves are simple and alternate. They are obovate to elliptical with an uneven base. They are bright to dark green. Fall colors are a clear yellow. Buds are naked and very pubescent. Flowers are spider-like and yellow, with a spicy fragrance. They bloom in October and November. The fruit is a capsule that expels it's seed explosively in the fall. This tree prefers moist, cool, acidic soil. It is fairly pollution tolerant. It is used in landscape as borders, for shady areas, and for fall color. There is no commercial use for the wood. An alcohol astringent is extracted from the bark commercially. Native American used the leaves for tea and medicine. Information provided by Lindsey E. Potter http://www.treeguide.com http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/h/hamvir/hamvir3.html HVCOM.jpg,452370237272ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙öAcer pseudoplatanus Is an introduced species from Europe [4]. Distinguishing Characteristics: 5 lobed leaves, 8-16 cm [4], with the lobes and teeth never sharply acuminate, they resemble Platanus leaves [6]. The inflorescences are pendulous racemes,6-15 cm [6] containing numerous 8-12 cm yellow-green flowers [4]. The fruit is a paired samara with 60-90° angle. The bark peels off in small flakes [4] Major Uses: ornamental [4]. It occasionally escapes from cultivation [6]. Information provided by: Christine Craig, 2002. 2. http://www.forestworld.com 3. http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/htm 4. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs Volume 1. 1977. Krussman, Gerd. Timber Press. 5. Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs Volume 2. 1977. Krussman, Gerd. Timber Press. 6. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada Second Edition. 1991. Gleason , Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur. The New York Botanical Garden. AP1COM.jpg,57662336153ąƒ Acer palmatum AP2COM.jpg,50336155ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ5Tilia europaea TECOM.jpg,599999654860324ąƒ6˙öAesculus glabra Native to Midwestern United States. Now ranging in areas from southern Michigan to central Texas [1]. Grown in woodland areas as well as ornamental specimens, yet a poor street tree. Distinguishing Characteristics: Non-Resinous buds. Large, showy, greenish-yellow fowers in spring. Polygamomonoecious: flowers either hermaphroditic or male. Produce very large seeds in a prickly capsule.Has an unpleasant odor when leaves are crushed. Major uses: ornamental. Rough lumber with small commercial importance; yet valuable, easily worked wood used for some furniture production. Roasted seeds once used for medicinal purposes. Seeds, leaves, and inner bark, containing saponins, are toxic to many vertebrates including humans when taken internally. Native Americans used buckeyes as fish poison as well as charms against arthritis. Aesculus glabra is the state tree of Ohio. Information provided by Kristin Bush, 2002. [1] http://www.treeguide.com/Species.asp?SpeciesID=116&Region=World AG2COM.jpg,58383334411157ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ07˙ŹIntroduced to Philadelphia by William Hamilton from eastern Asia in 1784 by way of Europe [1]. Naturalized in disturbed areas, roadsides, and urban environments throughout North America. Distinquishing Characteristics: Very long (30 - 60 cm) pinnately compound leaves with very disagreeable odor. Dark green glands associated with apices of basal teeth. Large showy inflorescences form large masses of oblong, twisted samaras. Very stout twigs have disagreeable odor and lack terminal buds. Major Uses: Ornamental. Reclamation of degraded landscapes. Fast growing in polluted urban environments. Very aggressive weedy species in hardwood forests since numerous seeds are produced and the tree generates abundant root and stump sprouts. Can be difficult to eradicate. The root system can cause damage to sewers and foundations. Bees collect nectar for honey production. The soft, weak, coarse-grained, and creamy white to light brown wood has no commercial value. This was the tree featured in Betty Smith's 1943 book and Elia Kazan's 1945 film "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn". Information provided by Roger Meicenheimer, 2002. [1] http://omega.cc.umb.edu/~conne/jennjim/ailanthus.html AACOM.jpg,53992433232ąƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ąƒ 9˙!Cornaceae Cornus Florida: A.K.A.: Flowering dogwood Occurs naturally in the eastern United States from Massachusetts to Ontario and Michigan, south to eastern Texas and Mexico, and east to central Florida. It grows in a variety of habitats throughout its range, but generally occurs on fertile, well drained but moist sites. Flowering dogwood is usually an under-story component in mixed hardwood forests or at the edges of pine forests. Leaves are opposite, simple, arcuately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, oval in shape with an entire margin. Flowers are very small, but surrounded by four large white (occasionally pink) bracts, 2 inches in diameter. Appearing March to April in the south, June in the north. Fruits appear as shiny, oval red drupes, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, in clusters of 3 to 4, maturing in September to October. Twigs are slender, green or purple, later turning gray, often with a glaucous bloom. The terminal flower buds are clove-shaped; vegetative buds resemble a cat claw. Bark is gray when young, turning very scaly to blocky. The wood of dogwood is very hard and has some value in the forest products trade for such things as commercial loom shuttles and spindles. In colonial (U.S.A.) times, a tea brewed from the bark was said to reduce fevers. Squirrels and birds devour the red fruits. In recent years, flowering dogwood has been severely impacted by dogwood blight, a fungus disease that can decimate natural populations. The disease was first discovered in the 1970's, and by the 90's; it had spread throughout most of the dogwood's range. Infected trees show small spots with purple margins on the leaves. The disease eventually kills the leaves, and in 2-3 years, the tree dies. The disease (an anthracnose in the genus Discula) thrives in cool, moist weather and dogwoods in the open, with good air circulation and sunlight, are not usually attacked, as are trees in the forest under story. Information provided by Justin Makii 2002. [1]http://www.floridata.com/ref/C/cornus_f.cfm [2]http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/cflorida.htm CFCOM.jpg,615234358397181ąƒ 9˙PCornus mas Introduced species to this country probably before 1800 [3]. Native to Central and Southern Europe and Western Asia. Distinguishing Characteristics: Can be multi- or single-trunked, and grown as either a small tree or shrub. Small, yellow inflorescences. Leaves are simple, opposite, broad elliptic, with undulating leaf margins and approximately 3 in. long. The leaves have an arcuate vein pattern. Fruits are drupes that are green and then ripen to a bright red [2]. Major Uses: Ornamental and urban tolerant. Fruit eaten by birds and squirrels [2]. Fruit utilized in France to make an alcoholic beverage, vin de courneille, and is also used in preserves [1]. It is suggested that C. mas be planted in front of a red brick wall or near an evergreen tree to provide contrast with the yellow inflorescences [2]. Information provided by Kelly Munaretto, 2002. [1] http://www.bright.net/~dogwood/article.html [2] http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/plantlist/description/co_mas.html [3]http://www.oplin.lib.oh.us/products/tree/fact%20pages/dogwood_cornelian_cherry/dogwood_cornelian _cherry.html CM1COM.jpg,243358397186ąƒ&:˙HAsimina triloba Asimina Triloba or the common pawpaw is a species that is native to the eastern US. It has simple alternate obovate leaves about 6 to 12 inches long. The stem has an unpleasant order when it is broken. It produces an edible greenish yellow to brown berry that is about 5 inches long and tastes similar to a banana. Inside the fruit are 2 to 3 flat bean shaped seeds. The fruit can be eaten raw or used to make puddings, breads or ice cream. Asimina triloba is planted as an ornamental or can be planted for fruit production. It can be a very weedy species in clear-cut areas in most of the midwest the site needs to be treated to suppress the Asimina triloba from shading out the other trees. There has been an anti cancer drug purified from this tree and it is being tested now. 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