'lSkeletal System1.01.0’[The skeletal system consists of 206 bones. However, in this data base, many of the bones are grouped together due to their similarities. For example, all phalanges are grouped as one despite minor differences. Developed by: J.P. Oehrtman and Corey Ullman Intended Grade Level: 11-12 Classes: Anatomy & Physiology, Advanced Placement Biology5’’ CXAttdataCranialThe braincase €FacialThe bones of the face€ Vertebral$The bones found in the spinal column€Arm'The bones found in the upper appendages€Wrist and Hand€Leg€Shoulder Girdle€ Pelvic Girdle€Ankle and Foot€Long"Have a greater length than width €Short9Somewhat cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width€FlatmGenerally thin bones composed of two or less parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone€ IrregularComplex shaped bones€Sesamoid@Small bones where considerable pressure develops. Seed shaped €Fissure presentfA narrow, cleftlike opening between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass€Foramen presentAAn opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass€Meatus present+A tubelike passageway running within a bone€ Sinus present@An air-filled cavity within a bone connected to the nasal cavity€Groove/Sulcus present`A furrow or depressin the accomodates a soft structure such as a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.€FossaA depression in or on a bone€Condyle present'A large, rounded articular prominence € Head presentNA rounded, articular projection supported on the constricted portion of a bone€ Facet presentA smooth, flat surface€ Tubercle presentA small, rounded process€ Tuberosity present+A large, rounded, usually roughened process€ Trochanter presentA large, blunt projection€ Crest presentA prominent border or ridge€ Line present#A less prominent ridge than a crest€ Small€ Epicondyle presentA prominence above a condyle€ Medium€ Thick and Large€Articular facets presentFConcave facets on the axis that articulate with the occipital bone € Dens present˜A peglike process that projects up through the ring of the atlas. Also called the odontoid process. Makes a pivot on which the atlas and head rotate €Transverse Process present6The point where a lamina and pedicle join in vertebrae€ Double curvatureShows an "s" shape € Nasal conchae presentATwo thin, scroll-shaped bones on either side of the nasal septum.€ Lateral malleolus presentLProjection from the distal end of the fibula that articulates with the talus€ Supraorbital margin A thickening of the frontal bone€ Cornu presentHPaired projections on the hyoid bone that muscle and ligaments attach to€Vertebral foramen[The space that lies between the vertebral arch and the body that contains the spinal cord €Alveolar processes1Contains alveoli(sockets) for the teeth to attach€Foramen MagnumĆLarge hole in the inferior part of the occipital bone through which the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the spinal portion of the accessory nerve, and the vertebral and spinal arteries pass.€ L-shaped The bone looks like the letter L€ThoraxThe chest cavity€ Sacral crest present¬The median sacral crest is the fused spinous processes of the upper sacral vertebrae. The lateral sacral crest is the fused transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae. €Acromion@A flattened, expanded process that articulates with the clavicle€ Sella turcica,A depression that houses the pituitary gland€Notches presentDDepressions that articulate with other bones that sit in the notches€ Mastoid processQRounded projection of the temporal bone posterior to the external auditory meatus€ Intercondyle eminence0An upward projection that separates two condyles€Trochlea2Pullelylike surface that articulates with the ulna€Temporal process Process of the zygomatic bone that projects posteriorly and articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. Together they form the zygomatic arch. ’’ CXMenudata’’7€Location The general location of the bone7€Axial,7€ Appendicular7€Bone StructureDescribe the type of bone 7€ Bone Shape 7€Depressions and openings (*/7€ Bone Markings@Reveal various structural features adapted to specific functions 7€Processes that form joints;Any prominent projection that articulates with another bone  ").0347€IProcessed to which tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissue attachSAny prominent projection that attaches to connective tissue other than bone tissue.17€Unusual bone structuresXStructures that are unique to a particular bone, particularly useful for identification. !#$%&'+-27€Spinous Process PresentĖA Process found specifically on the vertebrae. Projects posteriorly and inferiorly from th ejunction of the lamina. The size and thickness varies depending on the location in the body of the vertebrae.qPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology, G. J. Tortora & N. P. Anagnostakos, Harper & Row Publishers, New York, 1987'’’ CXItemnameAtlasD€AxisD€CarpalD€Cervical vertebraeD€ClavicleD€CoccyxD€ Coxal (Pelvic)D€EthmoidD€!FemurD€$FibulaD€FrontalD€HumerusD€HyoidD€ LacrimalD€Lumbar vertebraeD€ MandibleD€MaxillaeD€ MetacarpalD€& MetatarsalD€NasalD€ OccipitalD€ PalatineD€ParietalD€"PatellaD€Phalanges (in foot)D€Phalanges (in hand)D€RadiusD€RibD€SacrumD€ScapulaD€SphenoidD€SternumD€%TarsalD€TemporalD€Thoracic vertebraeD€#TibiaD€UlnaD€ VomerD€ Zygomatic (malars)'’’ CXItemrec’’’’’’’’’’’’€Bones that make up the fingers and toes, number three in each thumb and big toe, and four in each of the fingers and other toes. foot top.jpg170l€ ’’’’’’’’’’’’`Forms the forehead, the roofs of the orbits, and most of the anterior part of the cranial floor.SKULL FRONT.JPG136l€’’’’’’’’’’’’EForms the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavitySKULL SIDE.JPG137l€!’’’’’’’’’’’’dForm the inferior sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor. Term pertains to the temples.skull side.jpg137l€’’’’’’’’’’’’LForms the posterior part and a prominent portion of the base of the cranium.skull side.jpg140l€’’’’’’’’’’’’aSituated at the middle part of the base of the skull. Articulates with all other cranial bones.skull side.jpg141l€’’’’’’’’’’’’_Light, spongy bone located in the anterior part of the floor of the cranium between the orbits.skull under.jpg142l€’’’’’’’’’’’’jsmall, oblong bones that meet at the middle and superior part of the face. Forms the bridge of the nose. skull front.jpg143l€’’’’’’’’’’’’ĶForm part of the floors of the of the orbits and part of the roof of the mouth. These paired bones form the upper jawbone and articulate with every bone of the face except the mandible, or lower jawbone. skull front.jpg143l€&’’’’’’’’’’’’Commonly referred to as the cheek bones. Form the prominences of the cheeks and part of the outer wall and floor of the orbits. skull front.jpg144l€’’’’’’’’’’’’oThis is the lower jawbone. It is the largest and strongest facila bone. It is the only movable skull bone. skull front.jpg144l€ ’’’’’’’’’’’’ŠLocated posterior and lateral to the nasal bones. They roughly resemble a fingernail in size and shape. The smallest of the facial bones.skull side.jpg145l€’’’’’’’’’’’’¬L-shaped bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor, and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits.SKULL UNDER.JPG145l€%’’’’’’’’’’’’‹Roughly triangular bone that forms that inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum. It is clearly seen in anterior view of the skull.skull front.jpg146l€ ’’’’’’’’’’’’sSingle bone that does not articulate with any other bone. Located in the neck between the mandible and the larynx.skull side.jpg146l€’’’’’’’’’’’’0First cervical vertebra which supports the head. cervical.jpg150l€’’’’’’’’’’’’HSecond cervical vertebra upon which the atlas and head pivot and rotate. cervical.jpg150l€’’’’’’’’’’’’RVertebrae 1-7, including the atlas and axis. These bones all have three foramina. Cervical.jpg150l€"’’’’’’’’’’’’ŹThe 12 vertebrae below the cervical vertebrae. Larger and stronger than those above them on the spinal column, these bones have a long, laterally flattened spinous process which is directed inferiorly. Thoracic.jpg150l€’’’’’’’’’’’’xThe 5 vertebrae below the thoracic region. These vertebrae are the largest and strongest with short, thick projections. Lumbar.jpg150l€’’’’’’’’’’’’Triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral vertebrae, positioned at the posterior portion of the pelvic cavity between the two hipbones.SACRUM&COCCYX.JPG150l€’’’’’’’’’’’’eTriangular shaped bone formed by the fusion of the coccygeal vertebrae, or the last four vertebrae. Sacrum&coccyx.jpg152l€’’’’’’’’’’’’qAlso known as the breastbone, it is a flat, narrow bone located in the median line of the anterior thoracic wall.STERNUM&RIBS.JPG152l€’’’’’’’’’’’’ęTwenty-four paied bones that make up the walls of the thoracic cavity. They increase in length from the first pair to the seventh pair, then decrease in length. Each bone articulates posteriorly with its corresponding vertebrae.sternum&ribs.jpg154l€’’’’’’’’’’’’øAlso known as the collarbone, these are long slender bones with a double curvature. It lies horizontally in the anterior and superior part of the thorax and superior to the first rib. Clavicle.jpg160l€’’’’’’’’’’’’žAlso known as the shoulder blades. These are large, triangular flat bones in the dorsal part of the thorax between the levels of the second and seventh ribs. Scapula.jpg160l€ ’’’’’’’’’’’’½Also known as the arm bone, it is the largest and longest bone of the upper extremity. Articulates proximally with the scapula and distally at the elbow with both the ulna and the radius. Humerus.jpg160l€$’’’’’’’’’’’’TThe medial bone of the forearm. The proximal end forms the prominence of the elbow.Radius&ulna.jpg162l€’’’’’’’’’’’’yThe laterla bone of the forearm. The proximal end has a disk-shaped head that articulates with the humerus and the ulna.RADIUS&ULNA.JPG162l€’’’’’’’’’’’’+Eight small bones that make up the wrist. Hand.jpg164l€’’’’’’’’’’’’/Five bones that consitute the palm of the hand.Hand.jpg164l€’’’’’’’’’’’’€Bones that make up the fingers and toes, number three in each thumb and big toe, and four in each of the fingers and other toes.hand.jpg164l€’’’’’’’’’’’’ßAlong with the sacrum and coccyx, these bones form the basin-like structure called the pelvis which provides a stable support for the lower extremities. Consists of three bones fused together: the ilium, ischium and pubis. Pelvis.jpg165l€’’’’’’’’’’’’°Also known as the thighbone, this is the largest and heaviest bone of the body. The proximal end articulates with the coxal bone and the distal end articulates with the tibia. Femur.jpg166l€’’’’’’’’’’’’mAlso known as the kneecap, it is a small, triangular bone anterior to the knee joint. It is a sesamoid bone. Patella.jpg166l€#’’’’’’’’’’’’ŃAlso known as the shinbone, it is the larger, medial bone of the lower leg. Articulates at its proximal end with with the femur and the fibula and at its distal end with the fibula and the talus of the ankle.FIBULA&TIBIA.JPG168l€ ’’’’’’’’’’’’ĢParallel, lateral to, and much smaller than the tibia. THe proximal end articulates with the inferior surface of the tibia and the distal end has a projection that artiulates with the talus of the ankle.FIBULA&TIBIA.JPG170l€ ’’’’’’’’’’’’FSeven bones that make up the ankle. Collectively called the tarsus. FOOT SIDE.JPG170l€’’’’’’’’’’’’ZFive bones that make up the metatarsus, much like the metacarpals of the palm of the hand. FOOT TOP.JPG170’’ CXDatablockN`ˆ@˜ˆŠ€4Pø€@€! `@€@@(!  0``€ 0"  0  @`