×w ŤýWćAngiosperm Trees3.53.5˙„ ANGIOSPERM TREE COMPONENT OF MIAMI UNIVERSITY DENDROLOGY EXPERT SYSTEM INITIAL DATA BASE AND MENUS CREATED BY DR. ROGER D MEICENHEIMER, ELIZABETH HOOVEN, MATT DULEY, JOY KAMINSKY, ROGER WOESTE, HEIDI MEICENHEIMER, PEGGY MYERS, AND ALICE NELSON. DATA FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIES CONTRIBUTED BY INDIVIDUAL DENDROLOGY STUDENTS INDICATED IN SPECIES HELP.×˙˙ CXAttdata*LobediLobed is a characteristic of the leaf edge where there is a curved indentation deep into the leaf blade. ATHELP23.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€% 9 Leaflets #Count the total number of leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€%10 - 20 Leaflets #Count the total number of leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€% > 20 Leaflets #Count the total number of leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€< 0.1 cm (Sessile) űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 0.1 - 0.6 cm űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 0.7 - 1.2 cm űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 1.3 - 2.5 cm űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€ > 25.0 cm űThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg€˙˙€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm ŹThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm ŹThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm ŹThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€25.1 - 50.0 cm ŹThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpgg€ > 50.0 cm ŹThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpg€ 0.1 - 2.5 cm ˆThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm ˆThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm ˆThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm ˆThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€25.1 - 50.0 cm ˆThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€ > 50.0 cm ˆThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ 1.0 - 2.5 mm ˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. These measurements pertain to the terminal bud which is located at the very end of the twig. Bud width is measured at the broadest position of the bud, perpendicular to bud length measurements. ATHELP34.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 mm ˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. These measurements pertain to the terminal bud which is located at the very end of the twig. Bud width is measured at the broadest position of the bud, perpendicular to bud length measurements. ATHELP34.jpg€ 5.1 - 7.5 mm ˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. These measurements pertain to the terminal bud which is located at the very end of the twig. Bud width is measured at the broadest position of the bud, perpendicular to bud length measurements. ATHELP34.jpg€ 7.6 - 15.0 mm ˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. These measurements pertain to the terminal bud which is located at the very end of the twig. Bud width is measured at the broadest position of the bud, perpendicular to bud length measurements. ATHELP34.jpg€ > 15.0 mm ˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. These measurements pertain to the terminal bud which is located at the very end of the twig. Bud width is measured at the broadest position of the bud, perpendicular to bud length measurements. ATHELP34.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ < 45 Degrees ˙-Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. To assess this angle, extrapolate lines along the midribs (backs) of the wings of both samaras and estimate the smaller of the angles of intersection of these lines with one another. ATHELP25.jpg€ 46 - 80 Degrees ˙-Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. To assess this angle, extrapolate lines along the midribs (backs) of the wings of both samaras and estimate the smaller of the angles of intersection of these lines with one another. ATHELP25.jpg€ 81 - 100 Degrees ˙-Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. To assess this angle, extrapolate lines along the midribs (backs) of the wings of both samaras and estimate the smaller of the angles of intersection of these lines with one another. ATHELP25.jpg€ 101 - 160 Degrees ˙-Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. To assess this angle, extrapolate lines along the midribs (backs) of the wings of both samaras and estimate the smaller of the angles of intersection of these lines with one another. ATHELP25.jpg€ 161 - 180 Degrees or Greater ˙-Variations in the angle between the wings of double samaras are useful features for identifying species of Aceraceae. To assess this angle, extrapolate lines along the midribs (backs) of the wings of both samaras and estimate the smaller of the angles of intersection of these lines with one another. ATHELP25.jpg€Smooth ¸Surface is smooth with no hairs or glands. No pubescence. Observation of the surface with a hand lens and gently rubbing the surface will facilitate observations on external features. athelp95.jpg€Hairy _Surface covered with short, soft trichomes of hairs. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. athelp95.jpg€Prickly ŸSurface covered with stiff sharp multicellular trichomes or hairs that are usually macroscopically visible and can be felt (sometimes painfully) when rubbed. athelp95.jpg€Woody ŰWoody fruit is not pliable when squeezed, and the entire fruit or parts of it are inflexible or marginally flexible when bent. The woody components of the fruit are opaque when viewed through bright light like the sun. athelp95.jpg€ Whitish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Yellowish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Orangish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Reddish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Pinkish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Brownish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Purplish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Blackish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Greenish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€ Tannish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Anacardiaceae€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€Waxy ÍSurface is covered with waxy deposit that is usually white giving the fruit an overall dull coloration. You can rub the wax off with your fingers revealing the daker more lustrous tissue that lies beneath. athelp95.jpg€`Milky Juice in Petioles ˙The petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. To test for milky juice, break the petiole in half and squeeze the petiole. The milky juice is often a thick, sticky, white fluid that exudes from the broken ends of the petiole. ATHELP30.jpg€ Fleshy ŤFruit is pliable and remains partially deformed when squeezed. Squeezing followed by dissection or sectioning the fruit will facilitate observations on internal features. athelp95.jpg€ Pulpy ĘFruit is very pliable and a semi-solid fluid of various viscosity is expressed when squeezed. Squeezing followed by dissection or sectioning the fruit will facilitate observations on internal features. athelp95.jpg€Papery ÖPapery fruit is not pliable when squeezed, but the entire fruit or parts of it are flexible when bent. Often the papery components of the fruit are fairly translucent when viewed through bright light like the sun. athelp95.jpg€Leathery ŇLeathery fruit is semi-pliable when squeezed, and the entire fruit or parts of it are flexible when bent. The leathery components of the fruit are not translucent when viewed through bright light like the sun. athelp95.jpg€Latex Strands in Leaf Blade şGently tear the leaf blade in half while slowly pulling the two halves apart. Look for small strings of white rubbery latex that stretch within the gap between the broken leaf lamina. ATHELP31.jpg€Thick and Leathery 8Mature leaves are thick and leathery, and tough to tear. ATHELP31.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ Milky Juice ­To test for milky juice, cut the fruit and squeeze the dissected parts. The milky juice is often a thick, sticky, white fluid that exudes from the cut surface of the fruit. athelp95.jpg€˙˙€< 0.1 cm (Sessile) ”Petiolule length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaflet blade to the rachilla to the rachilla's point of attachment to the rachis. ATHELP8.jpg€ 0.1 - 0.6 cm ”Petiolule length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaflet blade to the rachilla to the rachilla's point of attachment to the rachis. ATHELP8.jpg€ 0.7 - 1.2 cm ”Petiolule length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaflet blade to the rachilla to the rachilla's point of attachment to the rachis. ATHELP8.jpg€ 1.3 - 2.5 cm ”Petiolule length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaflet blade to the rachilla to the rachilla's point of attachment to the rachis. ATHELP8.jpg€˙˙€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm ”Petiolule length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaflet blade to the rachilla to the rachilla's point of attachment to the rachis. ATHELP8.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm ”Petiolule length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaflet blade to the rachilla to the rachilla's point of attachment to the rachis. ATHELP8.jpg€˙˙€$ Alternate rThere is only one leaf at each node. Leaves at sequential nodes are rotated 137 degrees relative to one another. ATHELP29.jpg€$Opposite ˙eTwo leaves are attached directly across from one another at each node on the twig. Pairs of leaves associated with successive nodes are typically rotated 90 degrees relative to one another. In some species rotational growth at nodal regions results in superposition of successive pairs of leaves in two ranks or columns in the older regions of the twig. ATHELP29.jpg€˙˙€%Simple VA simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. There are no leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€%Singly Compound ĹThe leaf is sudivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. ATHELP1.jpg€%Doubly Compound ˙ The leaf is broken up into small leaflets which attach to a secondary rachis. This secondary rachis attaches to the central rachis. The central rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. ATHELP1.jpg€%Palmately Compound xThe leaflets radiate outward from one point of attachment on the petiole, like your fingers radiate out from your palm. ATHELP1.jpg€%Even Pinnately Compound cAll of the leaflets are paired. There is no terminal leaflet. The total number of leaflets is even. ATHELP1.jpg€%Odd Pinnately Compound dThere is one terminal, unpaired leaflet at the end of the leaf. The total number of leaflets is odd. ATHELP1.jpg€% 3 Leaflets #Count the total number of leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€% 5 Leaflets #Count the total number of leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€% 7 Leaflets #Count the total number of leaflets. ATHELP1.jpg€˙˙€PEuonymus€P Forsythia€˙˙€P Hydrangea€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Juglandaceae €OHamamelidaceae €O Bignoniaceae €&Linear Having a long and very narrow leaf shape with sides that are almost parallel with one another. Usually more than ten times longer than broad. ATHELP9.jpg€&Oblong eHaving a leaf blade that is much longer than wide with sides that are almost parallel to one another. ATHELP9.jpg€&Narrow and Pointed at Tip qHaving a lance-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf near the base and the narrowest part near the apex. ATHELP9.jpg€&Narrow and Pointed at Base †Having a lance-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf near the apex and the narrowest part near the base. Inversely lanceolate. ATHELP9.jpg€& Wider Bottom ]Having an egg-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf below the middle toward the base. ATHELP9.jpg€& Wider Top lHaving an egg-shaped leaf with the widest part of the leaf above the middle toward the apex. Inverse ovate. ATHELP9.jpg€&Widest at Middle €Having a leaf lamina that looks like an ellipse that is twice as long as broad. The widest part of the leaf is near the middle. ATHELP10.jpg€& Oval ¤Having a leaf lamina that is broadly elliptical with the width more than half the length. The widest part of the leaf is near the middle. Wider than elliptical. ATHELP10.jpg€&Length Same as Width mHaving a more or less circular leaf shape in which the width and length of the lamina are equal or nearly so. ATHELP10.jpg€&Kidney or Heart-shaped 8Having a kidney-shaped or heart-shaped (valentine) leaf. ATHELP10.jpg€&Diamond-shaped vHaving a more or less diamond-shaped leaf with straight margins. The widest part of the leaf lamina is in the middle. ATHELP10.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€&Triangle-shaped ƒHaving a delta-shaped or equiangular triangle-shaped leaf. Often the sides of the leaf lamina are a little curved toward the apex. ATHELP10.jpg€'Pinnate ¸In the pinnate vein pattern there is one central midrib vein running the length of the leaf with numerous secondary veins branching off of the midrib to form a feather shaped pattern . ATHELP2.jpg€'Palmate ˙In the palmate pattern there are three or more main veins that radiate out from the base of the leaf lamina at the petiole connection. This pattern resembles fingers radiating from your palm. Less prominent secondary veins branch off from the main veins. ATHELP2.jpg€' Pinnipalmate ˙ŽThe pinnipalmate pattern is intermediate between the pinnate and palmate patterns. Near the base of the main midrib are two prominent secondary veins that are larger than the more apical secondary veins. The tertiary veins associated with the basal most secondary veins are larger than the tertiary veins associated with the more apical secondary veins that form a pinnate pattern off the midrib. ATHELP2.jpg€ 0.1 - 2.5 cm żThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. Length is measured from where the leaflet blade joins the rachilla straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP8.jpg€(Pointy yHaving a long, slender, sharp point with a terminal angle less than 45 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex. ATHELP3.jpg€(Acute uHaving a sharp-pointed tip with a terminal angle between 45 and 90 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex. ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€(Obtuse ‚Having a blunt or rounded tip, with the sides forming an angle of more than 90 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex. ATHELP3.jpg€(Rounded 8Having a tip that is curved to form a full sweeping arc. ATHELP3.jpg€( Indedented }Having a tip that looks like it was cut off at almost a right angle to the midrib forming a flat-topped or squared off shape. ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€) Very Pointy đHaving a sharp-pointed base with an angle less than 45 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiole. Base is wedge-shaped or triangular. Tapers to a narrow base with narrow part at point of attachment of lamina with petiole. ATHELP4.jpg€)Acute wHaving a sharp-pointed base with an angle between 45 and 90 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiole. ATHELP4.jpg€)Obtuse Having a blunt or narrowly rounded base with an angle greater than 90 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiole. ATHELP4.jpg€)Rounded 9Having a base that is curved to form a full sweeping arc. ATHELP4.jpg€)Indented ~Having a base that looks like it was cut off at almost a right angle to the midrib forming a flat-topped or squared off shape. ATHELP4.jpg€) Heart-shaped ¤Having a heart-shaped base (like a valentine). Both right and left margins curve down and back up to meet in the middle of the junctions between lamina and petiole. ATHELP4.jpg€)Uneven ŒHaving an asymmetrical base. Left and right basal margins do not join the petiole at the same position and are of different sizes and shape. ATHELP4.jpg€)Earlike "Having ear-like lobes at the base. ATHELP4.jpg€˙˙€*Entire BHaving a margin that is smooth, without indentations or incisions. ATHELP21.jpg€*Wavey DHaving a margin that is slightly and irregularly wavy or undulating. ATHELP21.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€*Toothed QHaving a saw-toothed margin with sharp teeth pointing forward or toward the apex. ATHELP22.jpg€* Tiny Toothed nHaving a very fine saw-toothed margin with sharp teeth pointing forward or toward the apex (minutely serrate). ATHELP22.jpg€*Doubly Toothed ]Having a saw-toothed margin consisting of course teeth bearing minute teeth on their margins. ATHELP22.jpg€* Big Toothed ^Having a margin with sharp teeth or indentions pointing outward at right angles to the midrib. ATHELP22.jpg€˙˙€*Prickly !Having a spiny or prickly margin. ATHELP23.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€+Smooth :Surface is smooth with no hairs or glands. No pubescence. ATHELP60.JPG€+Very Tiny Hairs …Surface has tiny hairs that are barely observable by the unaided eye. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. Minutely pubescent.€+ Tiny Hairs _Surface covered with short, soft trichomes of hairs. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. ATHELP60.JPG€˙˙€˙˙€+Rough vSurface is covered with short stiff hairs that make it rough to the touch. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. ATHELP60.JPG€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm żThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. Length is measured from where the leaflet blade joins the rachilla straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP8.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm żThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. Length is measured from where the leaflet blade joins the rachilla straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP8.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm żThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. Length is measured from where the leaflet blade joins the rachilla straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP8.jpg€25.1 - 50.0 cm żThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. Length is measured from where the leaflet blade joins the rachilla straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP8.jpg€˙˙€ 0.1 - 2.5 cm ŽThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaflet (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP8.jpg€ 2.6 - 5.0 cm ŽThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaflet (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP8.jpg€ 5.1 - 10.0 cm ŽThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaflet (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP8.jpg€10.1 - 25.0 cm ŽThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaflet (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP8.jpg€˙˙€PLonicera€PViburnum€˙˙€ Bristle TipscHaving teeth of lobes that are terminated by a short, sharp, abrupt, terminal point or bristle tip. ATHELP23.jpg€˙˙€O Leguminosae€O Araliaceae€O Myricaceae€O Adoxaceae€O Staphyleaceae€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Elaeagnaceae€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PRhus€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Sapindaceae€O Styracaceae€NVine Growing on a TreegWhile obviously not a tree you might encounter several vine like plants climbing up the trunks of trees€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PHedera€PParthenocissus€OVitaceae€O Berberidaceae€˙˙€5Smooth `Trunk bark has relatively smooth texture. Assess texture of oldest and intermediate age trunks. ATHELP15.jpg€5Ridges and Furrows ŽTrunk bark is broken up by furrows or channeled depressions to form regular or irregular raised ridge-like projections. Assess texture of oldest and intermediate age trunks. ATHELP15.jpg€5Plate like scales čTrunk bark is broken up by small fissures to form regular or irregular flat plate like units which may be smooth or rough. Plates of various ages may or may not be overlapping. Assess texture of oldest and intermediate age trunks. ATHELP15.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€5Warty ŚTrunk bark has mostly more or less smooth texture with isolated regions of prominently raised corky outgrowths. Assess texture of oldest and intermediate age trunks. ATHELP15.jpg€5 Corky Wings ćTrunk bark has regions of prominently raised corky outgrowths that are longitudinally extended to form wing-like projections. Surrounding bark texture may be smooth or rough. Assess texture of oldest and intermediate age trunks. ATHELP15.jpg€5Papery ˜Trunk bark has more or less smooth texture with outer bark peeling off in thin paper-like sheets. Assess texture of oldest and intermediate age trunks. ATHELP15.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€8Very thin (< 3 mm) ţTrunk bark is broken up by furrows or channeled depressions to form regular or irregular raised ridge-like projections. Assess the average width of the furrows from the outer most part of one ridge to the next adjacent ridge in the transverse dimension. ATHELP18.jpg€8Broad (> 25 mm) ţTrunk bark is broken up by furrows or channeled depressions to form regular or irregular raised ridge-like projections. Assess the average width of the furrows from the outer most part of one ridge to the next adjacent ridge in the transverse dimension. ATHELP18.jpg€8Narrow (3 to 25 mm) ţTrunk bark is broken up by furrows or channeled depressions to form regular or irregular raised ridge-like projections. Assess the average width of the furrows from the outer most part of one ridge to the next adjacent ridge in the transverse dimension. ATHELP18.jpg€3Brownish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3Grayish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3Whitish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3 Yellowish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3Orangish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3Reddish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3Blackish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3Greenish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€3Tannish ˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Whitish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4 Yellowish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Orangish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Reddish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Greenish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Tannish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Brownish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Grayish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€4Blackish ˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€O Salicaceae €OUlmaceae €OOleaceae €˙˙€Narrow hHaving a leaflet blade that is much longer than wide with sides that are almost parallel to one another. ATHELP9.jpg€Narrow and Pointed Near Tip tHaving a lance-shaped leaflet with the widest part of the leaf near the base and the narrowest part near the apex. ATHELP9.jpg€Narrow and Pointed Near Base sHaving a lance-shaped leaflet with the widest part of the leaf near the tip and the narrowest part near the base. ATHELP9.jpg€Widest in middle towards base cHaving an egg-shaped leaflet with the widest part of the leaflet below the middle toward the base. ATHELP9.jpg€Widest towards tip cHaving an egg-shaped leaflet with the widest part of the leaflet above the middle toward the tip. ATHELP9.jpg€Widest in the middle †Having a leaflet lamina that looks like an ellipse that is twice as long as broad. The widest part of the leaflet is near the middle. ATHELP10.jpg€Very wide in middle ŞHaving a leaflet lamina that is broadly elliptical with the width more than half the length. The widest part of the leaflet is near the middle. Wider than elliptical. ATHELP10.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ Very Pointy yHaving a long, slender, sharp point with a terminal angle less than 45 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex. ATHELP3.jpg€Acute vHaving a sharp-pointed tip with a terminal angle between 45 and 90 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex.. ATHELP3.jpg€ Bristletip YHaving a tip that is terminated by a short, sharp, abrupt, terminal point or bristle tip. ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€Obtuse ‚Having a blunt or rounded tip, with the sides forming an angle of more than 90 degrees. Sides of apex can be straight to convex. ATHELP3.jpg€Rounded 8Having a tip that is curved to form a full sweeping arc. ATHELP3.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ Very Pointy ôHaving a sharp-pointed base with an angle less than 45 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiolule. Base is wedge-shaped or triangular. Tapers to a narrow base with narrow part at point of attachment of lamina with petiolule. ATHELP4.jpg€Acute yHaving a sharp-pointed base with an angle between 45 and 90 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiolule. ATHELP4.jpg€Obtuse ƒHaving a blunt or narrowly rounded base with an angle greater than 90 degrees at the position where the lamina joins the petiolule. ATHELP4.jpg€Rounded 9Having a base that is curved to form a full sweeping arc. ATHLEP4.jpg€˙˙€ Heart-shaped ŠHaving a heart-shaped base (like a valentine). Both right and left margins curve down and back up to meet in the middle of the junctions between leafblade and petiolule. ATHELP4.jpg€Uneven ŽHaving an asymmetrical base. Left and right basal margins do not join the petiolule at the same position and are of different sizes and shape. ATHELP4.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€Entire BHaving a margin that is smooth, without indentations or incisions. ATHELP21.jpg€Wavey DHaving a margin that is slightly and irregularly wavy or undulating. ATHELP21.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€Toothed QHaving a saw-toothed margin with sharp teeth pointing forward or toward the apex. ATHELP22.jpg€ Tiny-toothed nHaving a very fine saw-toothed margin with sharp teeth pointing forward or toward the apex (minutely serrate). ATHELP22.jpg€Doubly Toothed ]Having a saw-toothed margin consisting of course teeth bearing minute teeth on their margins. ATHELP22.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€Lobed „Having a margin that is indented one-quarter to one-half of the distance to the midrib. Indentions are oriented toward the midrib. ATHELP23.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€Smooth :Surface is smooth with no hairs or glands. No pubescence. athelp60.jpg€Very tiny hairs …Surface has tiny hairs that are barely observable by the unaided eye. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. Minutely pubescent.€ Tiny hairs _Surface covered with short, soft trichomes of hairs. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. athelp60.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€9Smooth :Surface is smooth with no hairs or glands. No pubescence. athelp60.jpg€9Very tiny hairs †Surface has tiny hairs that are barely observable by the unaided eye. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. Minutely pubescent..€9 Tiny hairs _Surface covered with short, soft trichomes of hairs. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. athelp60.jpg€˙˙€9Covered with dense hairs lSurface is covered with dense, matted, woolly hairs or trichomes. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly.€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€9Patches of dense hairs ËThere are small patches of dense hairs or trichomes in the axils of the veins on the under side of the leaflet lamina. These tufts of hair are also referred to as domatia and often harbor small insects.€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€OFabaceae €O Cornaceae €O Platanaceae €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€Shiny Surface appears shiny.€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€+Shiny Surface appears shiny. €+Wrinkled fSurface is naturally wrinkled. Veins are sunken below surface of lamina forming a reticulate pattern.€LSmooth :Surface is smooth with no hairs or glands. No pubescence. ATHELP60.JPG€LVery Tiny Hairs …Surface has tiny hairs that are barely observable by the unaided eye. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. Minutely pubescent.€L Tiny Hairs _Surface covered with short, soft trichomes of hairs. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. ATHELP60.JPG€L Long Hairs †Surface covered with long, silky, fine, straight hairs or trichomes. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. Also spelled villose.€L Dense Hairs lSurface is covered with dense, matted, woolly hairs or trichomes. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly.€LRough vSurface is covered with short stiff hairs that make it rough to the touch. Use a hand lens to see the hairs clearly. ATHELP60.JPG€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€LShiny Surface appears shiny. €˙˙€LTiny Hairs on Veins ČThere are small patches of dense hairs or trichomes in the axils of the veins on the under side of the leaf lamina. These tufts of hair are also referred to as domatia and often harbor small insects.€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€NWell Defined Trunk 7The main trunk is unbranched where it meets the ground. ATHELP96.jpg€NMulti-Branched - No Main Trunk ˙_Two or more equally sized trunks come out of the ground in a fairly localized central region. The secondary branches from these multiple trunks form a single unified crown system, the presence of which, will help you discriminate the multi-branched form from individual single trunk forms that are growing in extremely close proximity to one another. ATHELP96.jpg€˙˙€+Waxy ĚSurface is covered with waxy deposit that is usually white giving the leaf an overall bluegreen coloration. You can rub the wax off with your fingers revealing the greener lamina tissue that lies beneath.€LWhite and Waxy ĚSurface is covered with waxy deposit that is usually white giving the leaf an overall bluegreen coloration. You can rub the wax off with your fingers revealing the greener lamina tissue that lies beneath.€Waxy (usually white) ĚSurface is covered with waxy deposit that is usually white giving the leaf an overall bluegreen coloration. You can rub the wax off with your fingers revealing the greener lamina tissue that lies beneath.€9Waxy (usually white) ĎSurface is covered with waxy deposit that is usually white giving the leaflet an overall bluegreen coloration. You can rub the wax off with your fingers revealing the greener lamina tissue that lies beneath.€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€` Petiole Fuzzy ˙7The petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. If it is pubescent, then there are "hairs" on the petiole which may be readily visible or detected by lightly rubbing the petiole. In some species, the use of a hand lens may be required to see the hairs. ATHELP30.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€ Grayish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€˙˙€ Bluish ˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg€O Eucommiaceae €OScrophulariaceae €OCaesalpiniaceae €O Mimosaceae €ORutaceae €O Magnoliaceae €O Rhamnaceae €OCercidiphyllaceae €OHippocastanaceae €O Simaroubaceae €O Lauraceae €ORosaceae €O Annonaceae €O Tiliaceae €OMoraceae €PJuglans €O Ebennaceae €O Aquifoliaceae €O Betulaceae €PCarya €O Aceraceae €OFagaceae €PFagus €PQuercus €PUlmus €PFraxinus €PMagnolia €PPrunus €PMalus €P Crataegus €PAcer €PTilia €PAesculus €PCornus €O Celastraceae €OCaprifoliaceae €O Hydrangeaceae €* Bristle Tips cHaving teeth of lobes that are terminated by a short, sharp, abrupt, terminal point or bristle tip. ATHELP23.jpg€P Phellodendron €LWhitish sThe underside of the leaf has a distinct whitish appearance. May or may not be associated with glaucous condition.€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€T Yellowish ˙ Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. These twig color characteristics refer to dormant one year old twigs or to a two year old twig segment on nondormant trees. hcolor.jpg€TGreenish ˙ Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. These twig color characteristics refer to dormant one year old twigs or to a two year old twig segment on nondormant trees. hcolor.jpg€TBrownish ˙ Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. These twig color characteristics refer to dormant one year old twigs or to a two year old twig segment on nondormant trees. hcolor.jpg€TReddish ˙ Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. These twig color characteristics refer to dormant one year old twigs or to a two year old twig segment on nondormant trees. hcolor.jpg€TGrayish ˙ Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. These twig color characteristics refer to dormant one year old twigs or to a two year old twig segment on nondormant trees. hcolor.jpg€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PSyringa €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PAsimina €TOrangish ˙ Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. These twig color characteristics refer to dormant one year old twigs or to a two year old twig segment on nondormant trees. hcolor.jpg€PSalix €PBetula €˙˙€POstrya €˙˙€<1.0 mm ˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. These measurements pertain to the terminal bud which is located at the very end of the twig. Bud width is measured at the broadest position of the bud, perpendicular to bud length measurements. ATHELP34.jpg€PIlex €PCarpinus €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PPopulus €˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€˙˙€PCeltis €PMaclura €P Liriodendron €PEucommia €PZelkova €P Gleditsia €PCercis €P Cladrastis €P Sassafras €˙˙€PSorbus €P Gymnocladus €˙˙€PRobinia €PSophora €˙˙€P Liquidambar €˙˙€Unpleasant Odor When Crushed oWhen the lamina of a leaf or leaflet is crushed in close proximity to your nose an unpleasant odor is released.€˙˙€˙˙€PMorus €PPyrus €˙˙€P Paulownia €P Plantanus €˙˙d˙˙ CXMenudata˙˙Angiosperm Trees athelp90.jpg _[ !#NOPق˙˙قLEAF BLADE LENGTHŹThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Length is measured from where blade joins the petiole straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP71.jpgقLEAF BLADE WIDTHˆThe leaf blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP71.jpgق_LEAF PETIOLE LENGTHűThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. Petiole length is measured from the point of attachment of the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. ATHELP71.jpg ق˙˙ق BUD WIDTH˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. These measurements pertain to the terminal bud which is located at the very end of the twig. Bud width is measured at the broadest position of the bud, perpendicular to bud length measurements. ATHELP34.jpgĄ !"#قUNUSUAL LEAF CHARACTERISTICSRPresence of any of these characteristics will greatly facilitate identification. ATHELP31.jpgefÎق˙˙ق?ANGLE OF DOUBLE WINGS OF SEEDS8Measure the angle on top of the wings. LOOK AT PICTURE! ATHELP25.jpg34567ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق# FRUIT COLOR˙Fruit color pertains to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened. In general most immature fruits are green in color and slowly develop characteristic colors (which may be green) as they mature. hcolor.jpg <@?>=D:BEA8Cق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق#FRUIT MORPHOLOGY˙UExamine the external texture and internal structure of the fruit of your specimen to code these features. Observation of the surface with a hand lens and gently rubbing the surface will facilitate observations on external features. Squeezing followed by dissection or sectioning the fruit will facilitate observations on internal features. athelp95.jpg 8_9:abxcd;ق˙˙ق˙˙ق2SINGLY AND DOUBLY COMPOUND LEAFLET CHARACTERISTICS˙The singly compound leaf blade is sudivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. In the doubly compound leaf the leaflets are themselves subdivided into still smaller leaflets. These characteristics pertain to the individual leaflets of both singly and doubly compound leaves. In the case of doubly compound leaves use the "Mark OR" feature to set characteristics for both levels of leaflets. ATHELP1.JPG 9قLEAFLET PETIOLULE LENGTHWThe petiolule is the stalk extending from the base of the leaflet lamina to the rachis. ATHELP8.jpgz{|}€Ů‚LEAFLET BLADE LENGTHżThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. Length is measured from where the leaflet blade joins the rachilla straight to the tip of the leaf (perpendicular to the width). ATHELP8.jpg˝čéęëقLEAFLET BLADE WIDTHThe leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaf. Width is measured at the widest part of the leaflet (perpendicular to the length). ATHELP8.jpgíîďđق LEAFLET SHAPE˙The singly compound leaf blade is sudivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. In the doubly compound leaf the leaflets are themself subdivided into still smaller leaflets. These characteristics pertain to the individual leaflets of both singly and doubly compound leaves. The leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. Determine the overall shape or geometry of the leaflet blade.ijklmnoق˙˙ق LEAFLET TIP˙The singly compound leaf blade is sudivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. In the doubly compound leaf the leaflets are themself subdivided into still smaller leaflets. These characteristics pertain to the individual leaflets of both singly and doubly compound leaves. The leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. The apex of a leaflet is the top half or the tip of the leaflet. ATHELP3.jpgyz{}~ق LEAFLET BASE˙?The singly compound leaf blade is sudivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. In the doubly compound leaf the leaflets are themself subdivided into still smaller leaflets. These characteristics pertain to the individual leaflets of both singly and doubly compound leaves. The leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. The base of a leaflet is the lower part of the leaflet near where it attaches to the petiolule. ATHELP4.jpg‚ƒ„…‡ˆقLEAFLET MARGIN˙ The singly compound leaf blade is sudivided into leaflets which attach to a central rachis. The rachis is continuous with the petiole which attaches to the node region of the stem, where the axillary bud will be found. In the doubly compound leaf the leaflets are themself subdivided into still smaller leaflets. These characteristics pertain to the individual leaflets of both singly and doubly compound leaves. The leaflet blade or lamina is the flat part of the leaflet. The margin is the side of the leaflet lamina.‹Œ‘’ő–قLEAFLET UPPER SURFACE˙Look at the top surface of the leaflet lamina. Gently rub the leaflet between your fingers to determine the texture of the top of the leaflet lamina. Visually observe the effects that rubbing has on the color of the lamina. Observations can be facilitated by using a hand lens.*š›œقGENERAL LEAF CHARACTERISTICSčLeaves can be very helpful in tree identification. Make sure you choose a leaf that is mature. Young leaves may not show all of the characteristics. Look at a range of leaves to assess the general leaf morphology of your specimen. ATHELP70.jpg%$قTWIG CHARACTERISTICS˙These are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. Make your observations on a three year sequence of twig growth. athelp80.jpgTقTRUNK BARK CHARACTERISTICS˙$Examine bark characteristics of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if characteristics change with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark characteristics are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process.5834ق˙˙قFRUIT CHARACTERISTICS˙FFruits develop from the ovaries of perfect or pistillate (female) imperfect flowers. If your unknown is fruiting then fruit characteristics can expedite identification. The fruit characteristics generally pertain to fully ripened mature fruits. Care should be exercised if the fruit on your specimen is not fully ripened.  ?قLEAF ARRANGEMENTůLeaf arrangement pertains to the number of leaves attached to the node region of the twig and how these leaves are oriented relative to one another. Examine leaves at nodes located toward the base of first year twigs, where internodes are longest. ATHELP29.jpg‚ƒŮ‚LEAF COMPLEXITY˙Leaves are usually green, flattened structures that are formed at a node as a lateral outgrowth of a stem. Try to find an axillary bud at the base of a leaf petiole in the node region of the stem. This area signifies the end of the entire leaf in both simple and compound leaves. ATHELP1.jpg …†‡‰Šˆ‹Œق[SIMPLE LEAF SHAPEyA simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. Determine the overall shape or geometry of the leaf blade. Ź­ŽŻ°ą˛ł´ľśšŮ‚[SIMPLE LEAF VENATION˙A simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. Venation refers to the pattern of arrangement of the veins (vascular bundles) within the leaf blade. These patterns are readily visible on the under side of leaves or if you hold them leaf up to a light or the sun. ATHELP2.jpgşťźŮ‚[SIMPLE LEAF TIPfA simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. The apex is the tip of the leaf blade. ATHELP3.jpgžżÂĂÄق[SIMPLE LEAF BASE—A simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. The base of a leaf is the lower part of the leaf near where it attaches to the petiole. ATHELP4.jpgÇČÉĘËĚÍÎق[SIMPLE LEAF EDGEjA simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. The margin is the side of the leaf lamina. ĐŃŐÖ×ŘÚ`ق[SIMPLE LEAF UPPER SURFACE˙Look at the top surface of the leaf lamina. Gently rub the leaf between your fingers to determine the texture of the top of the leaf lamina. Visually observe the effects that rubbing has on the color of the lamina. Observations can be facilitated by using a hand lens.(ßáäŕق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق!OUTER BARK COLOR˙ Examine outer bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg KNMLPQIJOق!INNER BARK COLOR˙nThe inner bark can sometimes be seen where there are cracks or furrows in the outer bark. Examine inner bark color of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if color changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age inner bark color are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. hcolor.jpg RUTSVWXYZق!TRUNK BARK TEXTURE˙ Examine bark texture of both the oldest part of the trunk and intermediate aged (higher up in the tree) branches to determine if texture changes with age. If oldest and intermediate age bark texture are different use the MARK OR function during your selection process. ATHELP15.jpg4><65=ق˙˙ق˙˙ق!BARK FURROW CHARACTERISTICSţTrunk bark is broken up by furrows or channeled depressions to form regular or irregular raised ridge-like projections. Assess the average width of the furrows from the outer most part of one ridge to the next adjacent ridge in the transverse dimension. ATHELP18.jpgFHGقLEAFLET LOWER SURFACE˙Look at the bottom surface of the leaflet lamina. Gently rub the leaflet between your fingers to determine the texture of the top of the leaflet lamina. Visually observe the effects that rubbing has on the color of the lamina. Observations can be facilitated by using a hand lens.+ŁŹ¤Ľ§ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق#WINGED FRUIT/SEEDS=It looks kind of like a helicopter as it falls to the ground. ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق[SIMPLE LEAF LOWER SURFACE˙Look at the bottom surface of the leaf lamina. Gently rub the leaf between your fingers to determine the texture of the top of the leaf lamina. Visually observe the effects that rubbing has on the color of the lamina. Observations can be facilitated by using a hand lens. b)ق˙˙قTRUNK BRANCHING˙^The trunk is the main vertically oriented stem axis of the tree from which secondary lateral branches emerge to form the crown (branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit) component of the tree. The trunk stem is continuous with the underground multi-branched root system, that typically occupies as much volume underground as the crown does above ground. ATHELP96.jpg%&'قFAMILIES˙đIf you are SURE that you know the family to which your specimen belongs, coding this feature can greatly expedite identification. Otherwise, let the expert engine identify the family, genus, and species, based on your empirical observations. ANOTHER USE OF THIS FEATURE IS FOR THE REVIEW AND/OR EXPLORATION OF PLANT FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS ! To accomplish this: 1. Select a Family you want to review/explore. 2. Decide what feature you want to review/explore and set those character states as being present. 3. You now have a species list that fits your review/explore criteria that you can further refine by reiteration of steps 2 and 3; and not a single tree has been sacrificed to give you this information, because its all digitally store!+OúZGřL2MŤ=^]BÂK;ÁPŞC_ŠE÷@>IůgĂAF?e%<Dű&Hf1قGENERA˙ďIf you are SURE that you know the genus to which your specimen belongs, coding this feature can greatly expedite identification. Otherwise, let the expert engine identify the family, genus, and species, based on your empirical observations. ANOTHER USE OF THIS FEATURE IS FOR THE REVIEW AND/OR EXPLORATION OF PLANT GENERA CHARACTERISTICS ! To accomplish this: 1. Select a Genus you want to review/explore. 2. Decide what feature you want to review/explore and set those character states as being present. 3. You now have a species list that fits your review/explore criteria that you can further refine by reiteration of steps 2 and 3; and not a single tree has been sacrificed to give you this information, because its all digitally store!1Y[šŁNźÂĂ\XżQTÁÇ/’˘JžĚň˝UWŃŸÔ0aŐ§VŇRÉœÄĘĆ”ZSóŔق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق TWIG BARK COLOR˙MThese are extremely helpful in the winter for deciduous trees. Identify annual increments of twig growth by locating the bud scale scars that demark the boundary between successive years growth of the twig. These twig color characteristics refer to dormant one year old twigs or to a two year old twig segment on nondormant trees. hcolor.jpgx›uvwyق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙قSIMPLE LEAF CHARACTERISTICS?A simple leaf has only one blade or lamina associated with it. ATHELP1.JPG'(*)&+Lق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙قPETIOLE CHARACTERISTICSThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Some species have very short petioles. ATHELP71.jpg`ق_UNUSUAL PETIOLE CHARACTERISTICSšThe petiole is the more or less round stalk that connects the leaf blade to the node region of the stem. Presence of any of these characteristics can greatly facilitate identification. athelp30.jpg2`ق˙˙ق˙˙ق˙˙&\The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees. 1983. Alfred A. Knopf. New York.\The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees. 1996. Alfred A. Knopf. New York.TEyewitness Handbooks Trees. 1992. Coombes A. J. Dorling Kindersley Limited. London.JThe Families of Flowering Plants. 1973. Hutchinson, J. Oxford Univ. PressFlora of Japan. Ohwi.IFlora of North America. 1997. Torrey and Gray., Oxford University Press.KFlora of the Northeast. 1999. Magee, D. W. Univ. Mass. Press. Amherst, MA>The Glory of the Tree. 1966. Boom, B. and Kleijn. Doubleday.[Gray's Manual of Botany. 1950. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. Dioscorides Press. Portland, OR.NHow To Identify Flowering Plant Families. 1982. Baumgardt, J. P. Timber PressWThe Illustrated Book of Trees. 1983. Grimm, W. C. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA.nThe Illustrated Flora of Illinois. 1980. Mohlenbrock, R. H. Southern Illinois Univ. Press. Carbondale, IL.^Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern U.S. and Adjacent Canada. Vol. 12. 1952. Gleason, H. A.cManual of Cultivated Broad Leaved Trees and Shrubs. 1984. Krussmann, G. Timber Press. Portland ORUManual of Cultivated Plants. 1949. Bailey, Liberty H. Macmillan Publ. Co. New York.MManual of the Trees of North America. 1905. Sargent, C. S., Dover Publ. NY.VManual of the Trees of North America. 1922. Sargent, C. S., Houghton Mifflin Co. NY.lManual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1968. Radford, A.E. Univ. N. Carolina Press. Chapel Hill. NC‡Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 1991. Gleason and Cronquist. New York Botanical Garden. NYbManual of Woody Landscape Plants. 1998. Dirr Michael A. Stipes Publishing L.L.C. Champaign, IL."Michigan Trees. Barnes and WagnerxThe New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern Unived States and Adjacent Canada. 1956. Gleason H. A.%North American Trees. Preston, R. J.Oxford Book of Trees.DOxford Encyclopedia of Trees of the World. 1981. Oxford Univ. Press+Peterson's Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs.^The Plants of Pennsylvania. 2000. Rhoads, A. F. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia, PA.@Pruning: A Practical Guide. 1993. McHay, P. Abbeville Press. NY&Shrubs of Indiana. 1932. Deam, C. C.WTaxonomy of Flowering Plants. 1967. Porter, C. L.. W.H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco.uTextbook of Dendrology. 1991. Harlow, W.M, E.S. Harrar, J.W. Hardin, and F. M. White. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York.KTextbook of Dendrology. 2001. Hardin, J. W. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York.MTrees of Indiana. 1953. Deom, C. C. The Bookwalter Co. Inc. Indianapolis, INDTrees of North America and Europe. 1978. Phillips, R. Random HousepTrees of the Northern United States and Canada. 1995. Farrar, John Laird. Iowa State University Press. Ames.3Tree, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Kansas. Stephens.LVascular Plant Taxonomy. 1988. Walters D. C. and D. J. Keil. Hunt Publ. Co.˜The Woody Plants of Ohio Trees, Shrubs and Woody Climbers, Native, Naturalized and Escaped. 1961. Braun, E.L. Ohio State University Press. Columbus OHz˙˙ CXItemnameApple, Common or Wild>ƒ> Ash, Blue>ƒ Ash, Brown>ƒ= Ash, European>ƒ? Ash, Green>ƒ Ash, White>ƒBeech>ƒ!Beech, European>ƒBirch, River or Red>ƒƒBuckeye, Bottlebrush>ƒ]Buckeye, Ohio or Fetid>ƒ_Buckeye, Yellow or Sweet>ƒ Butternut>ƒCherry, Black, Wild or Rum>ƒ Cherry, Sour>ƒ•%Chokecherry, Amur; Cherry, Manchurian>ƒRCork Tree, Amur>ƒ3Cottonwood, Northern>ƒ'Crab-Apple, Garland; or Wild Sweet Crab>ƒ’Creeper, Virginia>ƒrDogwood, Alternate Leaf>ƒcDogwood, Flowering>ƒ‹Dogwood, Rough Leaf>ƒ5 Elm, American>ƒ6 Elm, Chinese>ƒ Elm, Northern>ƒwElm, Scotch or Wych>ƒC Empress-Tree>ƒyEuonymus, Wintercreeper>ƒnForsythia, Weeping>ƒ7 Hackberry>ƒHackberry, Sugar; Sugarberry>ƒ;Hardy Rubber Tree>ƒ{Hawthorn, Green>ƒHickory>ƒHickory, Shellbark; or King-Nut>ƒHickory, Swamp or Bitternut>ƒHolly>ƒ–Holly>ƒL(Honeylocust; Sweet-locust; Thorny Locust>ƒkHoneysuckle, Amur>ƒ”Honeysuckle, Morrow>ƒ1#Hop-Hornbeam, American; or Ironwood>ƒ2Hornbeam, American>ƒ˜Hornbeam, European>ƒ^Horse-Chestnut, Common>ƒ`Horse-Chestnut, Red>ƒmHydrangea, American>ƒ Ivy, English>ƒNKentucky Coffeetree>ƒ@ Lilac, Common>ƒ)Linden, American; American Basswood; Lime>ƒp(Linden, Big-Leaved; or Large-Leaved Lime>ƒ\Linden, Common or European>ƒvLinden, Crimean>ƒ[%Linden, Small-Leaved or Little-Leaved>ƒoLinden, White or Silver>ƒQLocust, Black or Yellow>ƒŒLondon Planetree>ƒGMagnolia, Bigleaf>ƒE#Magnolia, Cucumber; or Cucumbertree>ƒhMagnolia, Saucer>ƒ)Magnolia, Southern or Evergreen; Bull-Bay>ƒHMagnolia, Star>ƒF%Magnolia, Sweetbay or Swamp; Swampbay>ƒV Maple, Amur>ƒY(Maple, Ashleaf or Manitoba; or Box-Elder>ƒMaple, Black, Rock or Hard>ƒZ Maple, Hedge>ƒXMaple, Japanese>ƒU Maple, Norway>ƒTMaple, Paperbark>ƒ #Maple, Red, Soft, Scarlet, or Swamp>ƒ Maple, Silver, Soft or White>ƒMaple, Sugar or Hard>ƒWMaple, Sycamore or Planetree>ƒ%Mountain Ash, European; or Rowan Tree>ƒs Mulberry, Red>ƒ9Mulberry, White>ƒ( Oak, Basket>ƒ+ Oak, Black>ƒ#Oak, Burr or Mossy-cup>ƒ$Oak, Chinkapin>ƒ& Oak, English>ƒ% Oak, Overcup>ƒ*Oak, Pin>ƒ Oak, Red>ƒŠ Oak, Sawtooth>ƒ/ Oak, Scarlet>ƒ- Oak, Shingle>ƒ, Oak, Shumard>ƒ'Oak, Swamp White>ƒ) Oak, Turkey>ƒ Oak, White>ƒ. Oak, Willow>ƒ: Osage-Orange>ƒP%Pagodatree, Japanese; or Scholar-tree>ƒePawpaw>ƒgPear, Bradford Callery>ƒPecan>ƒzPlum, Cherry or Myrobalan>ƒMRedbud, Eastern; or Judas-tree>ƒJSassafras, Common>ƒ‚ Sugar Berry>ƒSumac, Fragrant>ƒ'Sweetgum; Redgum; Sapgumm; Starleaf-gum>ƒSycamore>ƒ&Tuliptree; Yellow Poplar; Tulip-poplar>ƒViburnum, Blackhaw>ƒ}!Viburnum, European Cranberrybush >ƒlViburnum, Maple-leaf>ƒ Walnut, Black>ƒ Walnut, English or Persian>ƒWalnut, Japanese>ƒ%Washington Hawthorn; Washington Thorn>ƒtWillow, Babylon Weeping>ƒ4 Willow, Black>ƒWillow, Coyote>ƒ“ Willow, Pussy>ƒiWinged Euonymous>ƒOYellowwood; Virgilia>ƒ8 Zelkova Treez>ƒZ campestre>ƒVginnala>ƒTgriseum>ƒYnegundo>ƒnigrum>ƒXpalmatum>ƒU platanoides>ƒWpseudoplatanus>ƒ rubrum>ƒ saccharinum>ƒ saccharum>ƒ`carnea>ƒ_flava>ƒ]glabra>ƒ^ hippocastanum>ƒƒ parviflora>ƒetriloba>ƒnigra>ƒ˜betulus>ƒ2 caroliniana>ƒ cordiformis>ƒ illinoensis>ƒ laciniosa>ƒovata>ƒ‚ laevigata>ƒ7 occidentalis>ƒM canadensis>ƒOkentukea>ƒr alternifolia>ƒ‹ drummundii>ƒcflorida>ƒlavallei>ƒ phaenopyrum>ƒ{viridis>ƒ;ulmoides>ƒyfortunii>ƒialatus>ƒ grandifolia>ƒ! sylvatica>ƒnsuspensa>ƒ americana>ƒ= excelsior>ƒ nigra>ƒ? pennsylvanica>ƒ> quadrangulata>ƒL triacanthos>ƒNdioicus>ƒhelix>ƒm arborescens>ƒ– aquifolium>ƒopaca>ƒ ailantifolia>ƒcinerea>ƒnigra>ƒ regia>ƒ styraciflua>ƒ tulipifera>ƒkmaackii>ƒ”morrowii>ƒ:pomifera>ƒE acuminata>ƒ grandiflora>ƒG macrophylla>ƒh soulangeana>ƒHstellata>ƒF virginiana>ƒ coronaria>ƒ sylvestris>ƒ9alba>ƒsrubra>ƒ1 virginiana>ƒ’ quinquefolia>ƒC tomentosa>ƒRamurense>ƒŒ hybridium>ƒ occidentalis>ƒ3 deltoides>ƒz cerasifera>ƒcerasus>ƒ•maackii>ƒserotina>ƒg calleryana>ƒŠ acutissima>ƒ alba>ƒ'bicolor>ƒ)cerris>ƒ/coccinea>ƒ- imbricaria>ƒ%lyrata>ƒ# macrocarpa>ƒ$ Muehlenbergii>ƒ* palustris>ƒ.phellos>ƒ(prinus>ƒ&robur>ƒ rubra>ƒ, Shumardii>ƒ+velutina>ƒ aromatica>ƒQ pseudoacacia>ƒt babylonica>ƒ“discolor>ƒexigua>ƒ4nigra>ƒJalbidum>ƒPjaponica>ƒacuparia>ƒ@vulgaris>ƒ americana>ƒ[cordata>ƒveuchlora>ƒ\europaea>ƒp platyphyllos>ƒo tomentosa>ƒ5 americana>ƒwglabra>ƒ6 parvifolia>ƒrubra>ƒl acerifolium>ƒ}opulus>ƒ prunifolium>ƒ8serrataš˙˙ CXItemrec(Fraxinus americana FACOM.jpg&6473473764391623„J Acer saccharum ASCOM.jpg&579703364141343„C Acer nigrum ANCOM.jpg&573743364181363„%2  Ilex opaca IOCOM.jpg&5644024052753„3lTilia americana TACOM.jpg&5979996538553243522803„%Fagus grandifolia FGCOM.jpg&3803252262762683„ PPrunus serotina PSCOM.jpg&5066612823803803„u Ulmus rubra URCOM.jpg&4238712312413583„o5 Juglans nigra JNCOM.jpg&3584282222532003„V_ Quercus rubra QR1COM.jpg&4077032263092483„]S Quercus alba QACOM.jpg&3826862262882563„*Fraxinus nigra FNCOM.jpg&6503523764431663„H Acer rubrum ARCOM.jpg&577643364231403„I Acer saccharinum AS1COM.jpg&578683364241423„jK Platanus occidentalis POCOM.jpg&4566322302363„i7 Liquidambar styraciflua LSCOM.jpg&4534852332403„>= Magnolia grandiflora MGCOM.jpg&4405082532193„k8 Liriodendron tulipifera LTCOM.jpg&4364892532222443„ Betula nigra BNCOM.jpg&3661342243433„r +Crataegus phaenopyrum CPCOM.jpg&4792752903933„" Carya ovata COCOM.jpg&3521782222602043„cCarya illinoensis CICOM.jpg&3481762222693„ 4Juglans cinerea JCCOM.jpg&3564272222561983„hbB$Coded by Bill Amberg. ra20com.jpg&3441623„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„q3Juglans ailantifolia JACOM.jpg&2223„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„Lj(Sorbus aucuparia SACOM.jpg&5117952823842243„#Carya laciniosa CLCOM.jpg&3501772222632063„C*Malus sylvestris PMCOM.jpg&4912823723„B*Malus coronaria PCCOM.jpg&4902823703„$Carya cordiformis CC1COM.jpg&3451752222712103„p6 Juglans regia JRCOM.jpg&4292222522013„&Fagus sylvatica FSCOM.jpg&3813272262752693„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„QYQuercus macrocarpa QMCOM.jpg&3956922262912583„RZQuercus muehlenbergii QM1COM.jpg&3996932263032623„TXQuercus lyrata QLCOM.jpg&3956912262913„S^ Quercus robur QRCOM.jpg&4067012262663„[TQuercus bicolor QBCOM.jpg&3846872263032603„O]Quercus prinus QPCOM.jpg&4057002263013„\UQuercus cerris QCCOM.jpg&6882263„U[Quercus palustris QP1COM.jpg&4036972263192523„PaQuercus velutina QVCOM.jpg&4107042263112503„Z`Quercus shumardii QSCOM.jpg&4086992263132543„YWQuercus imbricaria QICOM.jpg&3916902263303„^\Quercus phellos QP2COM.jpg&4046992263253„XVQuercus coccinea QC1COM.jpg&3856982263182553„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„*F Ostrya virginiana OVCOM.jpg&3745732243483083„+ Carpinus caroliniana CCCOM.jpg&3721722243483063„LPopulus deltoides PDCOM.jpg&3226392183673„tg Salix nigra SNCOM.jpg&3352183583263„rUlmus americana UACOM.jpg&4198702312403543„tUlmus parvifolia UPCOM.jpg&4218762313„Celtis occidentalis CO1COM.jpg&4141922312463623„yyZelkova serrata ZSCOM.jpg&4269342313613„ND Morus alba MA1COM.jpg& 4305572362482403„_; Maclura pomifera MPCOM.jpg&4295042362494083„ "!Eucommia ulmoides EUCOM.jpg&3113„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„)Fraxinus excelsior FECOM.jpg&3513761703„,Fraxinus quadrangulata FQCOM.jpg&6533543764451683„+Fraxinus pennsylvanica FPCOM.jpg&6513493764411643„2k#Syringa vulgaris SVCOM.jpg&8283761873„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„H& Paulownia tomentosa PTCOM.jpg&6615814064483„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„<< Magnolia acuminata MACOM.jpg&4375062532174043„@A Magnolia virginiana MVCOM.jpg&4445192532213„;> Magnolia macrophylla MFCOM.jpg&4392532223„?@ Magnolia stellata MSCOM.jpg&5172533„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„fh,Sassafras albidium SA1COM.jpg&4507832642272423„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„'-.Gleditsia triacanthos GTCOM.jpg&5233623043882143„e/Cercis canadensis CC2COM.jpg&5181993043914003„1.0Gymnocladus dioicus GDCOM.jpg&5243643043912123„x1OCladastris kentukea The specific epithet of this species was formerly lutea. CL1COM.jpg&5192162983952193„`i2Sophora japonica SJCOM.jpg&5297912983„9c3Robinia pseudoacacia RPCOM.jpg&5267532983922163„I4Phellodendron amurense PACOM.jpg&5843101713„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„G Acer griseum&423363„FAcer platanoides APCOM.jpg&575593361543„A Acer ginnala AG1COM.jpg&413361543„KAcer pseudoplatanus AP1COM.jpg&576623361533„E Acer palmatum AP2COM.jpg&503361553„B Acer negundo AN1COM.jpg&572483364261443„DAcer campestre ACCOM.jpg&383363„7m Tilia cordata TCCOM.jpg&6548573243522813„5oTilia europaea TECOM.jpg&5999996548603243„ 6Aesculus glabra AG2COM.jpg&583833344111573„-6Aesculus hippocastanum AHCOM.jpg&585863344091583„ 6DThis species was formally known as Aesculus octandra Aesculus flava AOCOM.jpg&586853344103„. 6Aesculus carnea AC1COM.jpg&873344091593„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„9Cornus florida CFCOM.jpg&6152343583971813„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„a:Asimina triloba ATCOM.jpg&4461192253983„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„bQ)Coded by Eric Chapman. pc20acom.jpg&468262368-3693„=? Magnolia soulangeana MS1COM.jpg&4435152533„w$<!Euonymus alatus EACOM.jpg&6333121923„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„(9>"Lonicera maackii LMCOM.jpg&9434954183„nv?"Viburnum acerifolium VACOM.jpg&13419368894183„/0@#Hydrangea arborescensHFL.jpg&7474753822923„'AForsythia suspensa fs2com.jpg&3393763„8qTilia tomentosa TTCOM.jpg&6543„4pTilia platyphyllos TPCOM.jpg&9996543„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„9Cornus alternifolia&3„ME" Data encoded by Sara Ernst, 2001 LM01com.jpg&221954-965102-1033„O#Data encoded by Nathan Howell, 2001 PM01com.jpg&3„&1  Data encoded by Catherine Dilley&559-560223-224290-291430-4311843„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3„, &Data encoded by Katrina Coveney, 2001 CB01com.jpg&47142933„˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙RFraxinusAcerTiliaFagusPrunusUlmusJuglansQuercus AceraceaeIlexPlatanus LiquidambarMagnolia LiriodendronBetulaCarya JuniperusSequoiaTaxodiumPiceaLarix PseudotsugaPinusOstryaCarpinusPopulusSalixCeltisZelkovaMorusMacluraEucommiaSyringa PaulowniaSorbusPyrusMalus Crataegus Sassafras GleditsiaCercis Gymnocladus CladrastisSophoraRobinia PhellodendronAesculusCornusAsiminaEuonymusLoniceraViburnum Hydrangea ForsythiaRhus EuonymousHederaParthenocissus-Oleaceae Aceraceae TiliaceaeFagaceaeRosaceaeUlmaceae Juglandaceae Aquifoliaceae PlatanaceaeHamamelidaceae Magnoliaceae Betulaceae CupressaceaePinaceae SalicaceaeMoraceae EucommiaceaeScuophulariaceae LauraceaeCaesalpiniaceaeFabaceaeRutaceae AceeraceaeHippocastanaceae Cornaceae AnnonaceaeScrophulariaceae CelastraceaeCaprifoliaceae Hydrangeaceae Anacardiaceae AraliaceaeVitaceae˙˙ CXDatablockÖ †1,ƒ0€0H$ЄŒĆ – X'Œ!„T@((6H0Čh† Ø1đ€2œ(ř H%Ŕŕ €€0,€8ʄ ˆ1ü2(řŒČŔ@ !(¸… €1(€€(Ȅ ` „!ĆáPDů$Đ$Ā„P €€ą€$€Œ„†‚@† Ă8† $(8P8 € €!  g°… Ŕń€˜Ä‡X„B0 €sŕ $ť$P Á D€ €@ €Ŕą€† ƒĚ#ˆ€H4$( „`D€`€ PMĆ 0 1@@…†@ ŒBSL„$xD €(lBB0łŔX„‡Čƒ 8†1@8DPƒf €  ‡@ 1 €„  ‡˜ "ˆÁ”š$Pƒ Ā 0! …P‡ €@3 Ä…bŒ!"ˆ $P ƒ Dˆˆ€€@ŕLü‡(€0„‰ ˆ<Îť#‘2€HĐŒD h ‚„@$(>@$H¨–ŒAŒ!H2(řŒH Ŕ„ $ŕ1‚(€…Œ  ‚Œ!"2(řŒH Ŕ !`,(€(€1€Œˆ…„€`  †1"Đ$P@0Č$Ŕ`@P€DD€ ˛ („†0 Ă02@,$P FH Ŕ‚  €ą @3€˜ä ƒ C@Š @(€$(0! 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