CELL TYPE CYTOPLASMIC FEATURES CELL WALL FEATURES 3-D GEOMETRY
Vessel Element 

Series of Vessel Elements are longitudinally joined end to end via perforation plates to form Vessels

 No cytoplasm at maturity 

Diameter of lumen is much larger than  thickness of cell wall

 

 Unevenly thickened secondary cell wall with circular or  elliptical bordered pits

Perforation Plates (Transverse end walls) vary:

  • Simple
  • Scalariform
  • Foraminate
Cell Wall / Lumen Ratio much less than one
Transverse Isodiametric
Longitudinal  Elongated cylinder with transversely oriented or slightly slanted ends. 

Longest axis in vertical direction.